Metabolic Engineering of Inducer Formation for Cellulase and Hemicellulase Gene Expression in Trichoderma reesei
The filamentous fungus T. reeseiis today a paradigm for the commercial scale production of different plant cell wall degrading enzymes mainly cellulases and hemicellulases. Its enzymes have a long history of safe use in industry and well established appli
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Metabolic Engineering of Inducer Formation for Cellulase and Hemicellulase Gene Expression in Trichoderma reesei Bernhard Seiboth, Silvia Herold, and Christian P. Kubicek
Abstract The filamentous fungus T. reesei is today a paradigm for the commercial scale production of different plant cell wall degrading enzymes mainly cellulases and hemicellulases. Its enzymes have a long history of safe use in industry and well established applications are found within the pulp, paper, food, feed or textile processing industries. However, when these enzymes are to be used for the saccharification of cellulosic plant biomass to simple sugars which can be further converted to biofuels or other biorefinery products, and thus compete with chemicals produced from fossil sources, additional efforts are needed to reduce costs and maximize yield and efficiency of the produced enzyme mixtures. One approach to this end is the use of genetic engineering to manipulate the biochemical and regulatory pathways that operate during enzyme production and control enzyme yield. This review aims at a description of the state of art in this area. Keywords Biorefineries • Cellulase production • Gene regulation • Lactose metabolism • Trichoderma
Abbreviations CAZyme CCR
Carbohydrate active enzymes Carbon catabolite repression
B. Seiboth • S. Herold • C.P. Kubicek (*) Research Division Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstraße 1a, 166-5, A-1060 Vienna, Austria e-mail: [email protected] X. Wang et al. (eds.), Reprogramming Microbial Metabolic Pathways, Subcellular Biochemistry 64, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-5055-5_18, © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012
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Introduction
Fungi are for a long time exploited for the industrial production of a diverse range of metabolites and enzymes. The decomposition of cellulosic plant biomass by fungi is only one example which demonstrates the importance of this group of organisms for our life on earth by the cycling of carbon and it shows how such essential processes can be exploited for industrial applications to produce biofuels and other biorefinery products from renewable carbon sources. Biorefining the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of bio-based products and bioenergy may well play a major role in producing chemicals and materials which are today still produced from oil. Active research efforts in different areas will be necessary to make these processes cost-effective. One of the key issues for biotechnologists is the identification of novel enzymes, improvement of physicochemical properties and the efficient production of these enzymes in appropriate host organisms. A key to the latter is to understand under which conditions the host produces these enzymes to design strains with improved enzyme production properties. Therefore fundamental research is necessary to identify regulatory and metabolic networks which control the expression of the extracellular enzymes
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