Microbes and Microbial Technology Agricultural and Environmental App
Awareness of the role of microbes and microbial biotechnology in improving the quality of life has been recognized worldwide. Today, what is urgently needed an is exploration of new microbes and novel genes for solving some of the major challenges of the
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Iqbal Ahmad Farah Ahmad John Pichtel ●
Editors
Microbes and Microbial Technology Agricultural and Environmental Applications
Editors Iqbal Ahmad Department of Agricultural Microbiology Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Aligarh Muslim University India [email protected] Farah Ahmad Department of Microbiology Sardar Bhagwan Singh Post Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research Dehradun, Uttaranchal India [email protected]
John Pichtel Ball State University Natural Resources and Environmental Management Muncie, Indiana USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-4419-7930-8 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-7931-5 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7931-5 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011920994 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Microbes are recognized for their ubiquitous presence, diverse metabolic activity, and unique survival strategies under extreme conditions. The diversity and abundance of microorganisms in various environments are poorly explored. However, rapid and continuous increase in global human population combined with rapid industrialization has resulted in environmental pollution with heavy metals, pesticides, and other toxic substances. Such impacts have adversely impacted crop production, the environment, and human health. Developing methods for sustaining crop production and environmental health are of prime importance in feeding global populations on a sustainable basis. Molecular biology has revolutionized the study of microorganisms in the environment and improved our understanding of the composition, phylogeny, and physiology of microbial communities. The current molecular toolbox encompasses a range of DNA-based technologies, and new methods for the study of RNA and proteins extracted from environmental samples. Currently, there is a major emphasis on the application of “omics” approaches such as genomics, proteomics, functional genomics, etc. to determine the identities and functions of microbes inhabiting different environments. Recent molecular-based developments will be of significant value in discovering new microbes and microbial genes and to exploit them in solving the urgent challenges facing t
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