Microglia in Cancer: For Good or for Bad?
Glioblastoma is a malignant tumor of astrocytic origin that is highly invasive, proliferative and angiogenic. Despite current advances in multimodal therapies, such as surgery, radio- and chemotherapy, the outcome for patients with glioblastoma is nearly
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Abstract Glioblastoma is a malignant tumor of astrocytic origin that is highly invasive, proliferative and angiogenic. Despite current advances in multimodal therapies, such as surgery, radio- and chemotherapy, the outcome for patients with glioblastoma is nearly always fatal. The glioblastoma microenvironment has a tremendous influence over the tumor growth and spread. Microglia and macrophages are abundant cells in the tumor mass. Increasing evidence indicates that glioblastoma recruits these cell populations and signals in a way that microglia and macrophages are subverted to promote tumor progression. In this chapter, we discuss some aspects of the interaction between microglia and glioblastoma, consequences of this interaction for tumor progression and the possibility of microglial cells being used as therapeutic vectors, which opens up new alternatives for the development of GBM therapies targeting microglia. Keywords Microglia
Glioblastoma Central nervous system Therapy
A.C.C. da Fonseca R. Amaral C. Garcia L.H. Geraldo D. Matias F.R.S. Lima (&) Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21949-590, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] A.C.C. da Fonseca e-mail: [email protected] R. Amaral e-mail: [email protected] C. Garcia e-mail: [email protected] L.H. Geraldo e-mail: [email protected] D. Matias e-mail: [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 R. von Bernhardi (ed.), Glial Cells in Health and Disease of the CNS, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 949, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-40764-7_12
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Abbreviations and Acronyms CNS IL TNF GBM MMP VEGF DLL4 NO MCP-1 (CCL2) CCR2 TNFR1 IkBa
Central nervous system Interleukin Tumor necrosis factor Glioblastoma Matrix metalloproteinase Vascular endothelial growth factor Delta-like ligand 4 Nitric oxide Macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 CCL2 receptor TNF receptor 1 Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha NF-kB Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells uPA Urokinase-type plasminogen activator STI1 Stress-inducible protein 1 Hsp Heat shock protein MG CM Microglial conditioned medium MYD88/TLR8 Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response 88/Toll-like receptor 8 TLR Toll-like receptor MT1-MMP Membrane-type-1 MMP GDNF Glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor GFRa GDNF receptor EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor EGF Epidermal growth factor poly [I:C] Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid TRAIL TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand mTOR Mammalian target of rapamycin iNOS Inducible nitric oxide synthase MIF Macrophage migration inhibitory factor STAT Signal transducer and activator of transcription RAGE Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products S100B S100 calcium binding protein B CpG-ODN Oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs TROY/TNFRSF19 Tumor necrosis factor receptor of mouse embryo GSC
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