Migration, Remittance, and Adoption of Conservation Practices
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Migration, Remittance, and Adoption of Conservation Practices Deborah Williams1 Krishna P. Paudel ●
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Received: 16 April 2020 / Accepted: 5 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Temporary migration and the resulting flow of fund in terms of remittance has been one of the major sources of financing in developing countries. However, little is known about the role of remittance receipt by households on the adoption of environmental-friendly practices in the agricultural production system. We use the three-stage least squares (3-SLS) regression method to analyze the data obtained from face-to-face interview surveys of 338 Nepali households to understand the impact of migration and remittance on the adoption of conservation practices. Our analysis does not show the direct impact of remittance on the number of soil and water conservation practices adoption, but migration has a significant negative effect. Other variables positively affecting the adoption of conservation practices are agriculture as the main source of income, perceived notion that water quality is bad, and better utilization of existing agricultural infrastructures. Income and the perceived notion that productivity quality of soil is bad negatively affect conservation practices adoption. Farm households facing labor shortage resulting from out-migration should be assisted by providing cost-share or incentive payment to adopt readily available, effective, low labor-intensive, and low-cost conservation practices in Nepal or elsewhere in similar remittance-dependent developing countries. Keywords Conservation practices Remittance Migration Three-stage least square model ●
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Introduction Almost 70% of the total population in developing countries resides in rural areas. Agricultural development has become the crux of many national and international development initiatives in these countries (Mendola 2007; Frost et al. 2007; Firdaus and Ahmad 2010; Ebojei et al. 2012; Kolawole et al. 2012; Mgbenka et al. 2012; Adefila 2012; Nepal 2011). Improving agricultural productivity also requires the conservation and effective management of natural resources (Frost et al. 2007; Kolawole et al. 2012). Ignoring farm-conservation practice linkage as well as associated environment and economic linkage are not conducive to poverty alleviation. Merely focusing on agricultural productivity through extensive agricultural practices and ignoring ecosystem services generated by
* Krishna P. Paudel [email protected] 1
Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Louisiana State University (LSU) and LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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agricultural practices will not result in sustainable land productivity and food security in a country (Mgbenka et al. 2012). The goal of sustainable development may become unattainable when the young population from rural farming communities temporarily migrates to remit earnings to the family back home. One possible reason f
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