Military-Age Males in Counterinsurgency and Drone Warfare

This book documents the political ecosystem that legitimized violent military action against military-age males in US military operations after September 11, 2001. It first introduces the military-age male as a category used to identify insurgent combatan

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Military-Age Males in Counterinsurgency and Drone Warfare

Sarah Shoker

Military-Age Males in Counterinsurgency and Drone Warfare

Sarah Shoker Toronto, ON, Canada

ISBN 978-3-030-52473-9 ISBN 978-3-030-52474-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52474-6 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

It occurred to me that if I could invent a machine—a gun—which could, by its rapidity of fire, enable one man to do as much battle duty as a hundred, that it would—to a large extent—supersede the necessity of large armies, and consequently, exposure to battle and disease would be greatly diminished. —Richard Jordan Gatling, 1818–1903

This book is dedicated to the civilian dead.

Acknowledgments

Academics are supported by a large network of people who are often invisible to readers but are nevertheless an indispensable part of the research journey. I did not expect a project that began as a Ph.D. dissertation would eventually materialize into a book, but my committee members at McMaster University in the Department of Political Science were confident that this research project’s impact lay beyond the digital walls of the university library’s dissertation repository. Your kind encouragement lay the foundation for pursuing this book project. Specifically, I want to thank my supervisor, Dr. Marshall Beier and my committee members, Dr. Lana Wylie and Dr. Peter Nyers. Your support and knowledge made it clear that academia had room for one more. Marshall, I feel extremely lucky that you were my supervisor and that I had the opportunity to gro