Mitochondrial relationships between various chamomile accessions
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PLANT GENETICS • ORIGINAL PAPER
Mitochondrial relationships between various chamomile accessions Joana Ruzicka 1
&
Marion Hacek 1 & Johannes Novak 1
Received: 12 August 2020 / Revised: 21 November 2020 / Accepted: 26 November 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Matricaria chamomilla L. (GRIN; The Plant List 2013) is an important medicinal plant and one of the most frequently consumed tea plants. In order to assess mitochondrial genome variation of different cultivated chamomile accessions, 36 mitochondrial SNP markers were used in a HRM (high resolution melting) approach. In thirteen accessions of chamomile (n = 155), twenty mitochondrial haplotypes (genetic distances 0.028–0.693) were identified. Three of the accessions (‘Camoflora’, ‘Mat19’ and ‘Manzana’) were monomorphic. The highest genotypic variability was found for the Croatian accession ‘PG029’ with nine mitochondrial haplotypes (mitotypes) and the Argentinian ‘Argenmilla’ with seven mitotypes. However, most of the mitotypes detected in these accessions were infrequent in our sample set, thus disclosing an unusual high amount of substitutions within the mitochondrial genome of these accessions. The mitotypes with the highest frequency in the examined dataset were MT1 (n = 27), MT9 (n = 23) and MT17 (n = 20). All of the frequent mitochondrial lines are distributed not only over several accessions but also over several geographical origins. The origins often build a triplet with on average two to three concurrent lines. The most distantly related accessions were ‘Mat19’ and ‘Camoflora’ (0.539), while ‘PNOS’ and ‘Margaritar’ (0.007) showed the lowest genetic distance. Keywords Mitochondrial genome . High resolution melting (HRM) . Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) . Asteraceae . Matricaria chamomilla
Introduction Matricaria chamomilla L. (common name German chamomile, Asteraceae) (Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) 2019; The Plant List 2013) is a mainly outcrossing and originally diploid (2n = 18) species indigenous to Europe and West Asia with natural populations occurring in many temperate regions worldwide (Franke and Schilcher 2007). More than 120 constituents have been identified in the chamomile flowers, out of which the majority is represented by the terpenoids α-bisabolol and its oxides (≤ 78%) and azulenes (1–15%) (Gupta et al. 2010). The high consumption and increasing market demand necessitated directed breeding concepts to improve crop yields, essential oil contents, pick height and disease Communicated by: Izabela Pawłowicz * Joana Ruzicka [email protected] 1
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
resistance (Das 2014; Albrecht et al. 2016). Chamomile breeding started approximately 70 years ago and included diploid as well as tetraploid varieties artificially induced by colchicine treatment (Franke and Schilcher 2007). The Czech and Slovak Republic, Poland, Hungary and Germany were the nations in which the fi
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