Model-based damage detection using constraint forces at measurements
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Model‑based damage detection using constraint forces at measurements Eun‑Taik Lee1 · Hee‑Chang Eun2 Received: 9 August 2018 / Accepted: 25 April 2019 © Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract The number of measurement nodes of a finite element model for damage detection is fewer than the model order. Thus, measurement data should be expanded or the system order should be reduced for evaluating the structural performance. A local damage in the model leads to stiffness deterioration at the corresponding element and variations in the responses of the adjacent elements, including the damaged elements. The response difference between two intact and damage-expected states can be approximately predicted by the constraint forces acting at the measurement nodes. The damage at the element represents the abrupt change in the constraint forces. This work proposes static and dynamic methods to detect damages based on the constraint forces acting on the measurement nodes. It is shown that the damage can be explicitly detected by the constraint forces that satisfy each constraint or measurements separating the given constraints rather than the entire constraint set. The validity of the proposed method is illustrated in two numerical applications of static and dynamic systems, and the effect of external noise is also investigated. Keywords Constraint force · Measurement · Damage detection · Static approach · Dynamic approach
1 Introduction Structural maintenance is necessary for enhancing the structural endurance period. Periodic or non-periodic nondestructive testing is the most typically used method to evaluate structural performance. The emergence of modern technology such as precise smart equipment and sensors has resulted in the rapid development in damage detection or system identification to evaluate structural performance. Numerous attempts have been made to detect structural damages. Damage detection approaches can be categorized into model-based approach and response-based approach. The model-based approach uses numerically simulated data
* Hee‑Chang Eun [email protected] Eun‑Taik Lee [email protected] 1
Department of Architectural Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
Department of Architectural Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
2
of the structural models, such as finite element, and the response-based approach uses experimentally collected data. The existing damage detection methods are also categorized by static and dynamic approaches. The static approach utilizes static test data, and the dynamic approach utilized dynamic test data. The static data can be collected by simpler testing but provide less information on the structural performance than the dynamic approach [1, 2]. The measurement data indicate the outputs at multiple nodes due to the inputs at a single or multiple fixed nodes. It is difficult to obtain the accurate information on the damage when a limited number of measurement sensors are utilized
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