Modeling Microstructure and Irradiation Effects
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INTRODUCTION
THE
development of numerical tools capable of simulating the effects of neutron irradiation on mechanical properties of materials is becoming more and more widespread because of, on the one hand, the increasing costs of the experiments and, on the other hand, the increasing power of computers. Usually, these numerical tools are linked within a multiscale platform. This is the approach followed, for instance, by the European, and wider, international scientific community created around
*The main objective of the European projects PERFECT (2005–2009) and PERFORM60 (2009–2013) is the development of multiscale numerical tools capable of simulating the effects of irradiation on microstructure, and the mechanical and corrosion properties of structural materials. These projects take advantage of the continuous progress in computer technologies and advanced experimental methods as well as the better understanding of radiation damage mechanisms. The materials concerned are light water reactor pressure vessel ferritic steels (and, in particular, the irradiation-induced evolution of fracture toughness properties) and internal structure austenitic steels (and irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking). The multiscale modeling methods developed are capitalized through integrated tools. In addition, a set of experiments (on model as well as industrial alloys) is also included in order to better understand the physical phenomena and validate or adjust the models at each possible characteristic time or length scale.
C.S. BECQUART, Professor, is with the Unite´ Mate´riaux et Transformations (UMET), Ecole Nationale Supe´rieure de Chimie de Lille, UMR 8207, Bat. C6, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France, and is also with the Laboratoire commun EDF-CNRS Etude et Mode´lisation des Microstructures pour le Vieillissement des Mate´riaux (EM2VM), France. Contact e-mail: [email protected] C. DOMAIN, Senior Scientist, is with the EDF, Recherche et De´veloppement, Mate´riaux et Me´canique des Composants, Les Renardie`res, F-77250 Moret sur Loing, France, and is also with the Laboratoire commun EDF-CNRS Etude et Mode´lisation des Microstructures pour le Vieillissement des Mate´riaux (EM2VM). Manuscript submitted May 12, 2010. Article published online December 22, 2010 852—VOLUME 42A, APRIL 2011
Each of these 4 year projects involves around 30 research organizations (industry and academic) and the European Commission contribution is between 6 and 7 million euros. The outcome of the FP6 PERFECT (https://fp6perfect.net/site/ index.htmproject) has been published in a special issue of Journal of Nuclear Materials: volume 206 (2010).
the FP6 PERFECT and FP7 PERFORM60 projects* for in-service fission reactors,[1] the cross-cutting FP7 GETMAT project,[2] in the fusion materials project managed by EFDA,[3] and by several international initiatives, which are ongoing for generation IV structural materials. This article presents an overview of some of the techniques used in the multiscale modeling approach of radiatio
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