Modeling of ash ( Fraxinus excelsior ) bark thickness in urban forests using artificial neural network (ANN) and regress
- PDF / 1,421,310 Bytes
- 10 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 119 Downloads / 152 Views
REVIEW ARTICLE
Modeling of ash (Fraxinus excelsior) bark thickness in urban forests using artificial neural network (ANN) and regression models Zahra Mosaffaei1 · Ali Jahani2 Received: 4 April 2020 / Accepted: 24 June 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Bark is a protective layer in trees, as well as living texture, so estimating bark thickness is very important in future decisions in urban forestry. The purpose of this article is to compare artificial neural network (ANN) and regression modeling to prepare the most accurate model for predicting the thickness of ash bark and effective variables in the urban forestry. A total of 10 variables including age of tree, collar diameter, diameter at the breast height, slope of habitat, aspect of habitat, altitude, wind direction, direction of wind protection, direction of light on crown and direction of light on the 600 ash trees were measured. Based on SPSS analysis, the age of tree variable had the greatest effect on bark thickness. Among the models of linear regression, S model with a R2 of 0.616 was selected as the best model. Artificial neural network model was designed simulated in the Neuro-Solutions ver.5 software. Multi- layer perceptron network with two hidden layers and eight neurons makes the best function for optimizing topology with highest coefficient of determination ~ 0.830. Based on the results of sensitivity analysis, tree age was the most important factor influencing bark thickness. Finally, the model of ANN with higher coefficient of determination and less error was determined as the best model in predicting ash bark thickness in urban forests. Keywords Regression · ANN · Multi-layer perceptron · Fraxinus excelsior · Bark
Introduction The bark is a protective layer between cambium and the outer part of the tree trunk (Sherrill et al. 2008). Also, the complex structure of the bark indicates that the tree bark can protect the tree against fire, pests, and pathogens. In addition, the bark is a part of the live tissue, despite its high importance, extensive research has not been carried out in this regard (Paine et al. 2010). The thickness of the bark is very important for estimating the volume of wood and the amount of tree growth (Laasasenaho et al. 2005). On the other hand, pests and plant diseases are fungi and insects (Ghajari et al. 2015). By increasing the bark thickness, trees are protected against environmental stresses (Saffariha et al. 2014, 2019; Jahani et al. 2019). Increasing the thickness of the skin will cause damage to the trees and the outbreak of * Ali Jahani [email protected] 1
Natural Resources Engineering Environmental Sciences, College of Environment, Karaj, Iran
Department of Natural Environment and Biodiversity, College of Environment, Karaj, Iran
2
pests in Urban forests. The bark thickness varies in different climates, different stages of evolution and different ecological conditions (slope of habitat, an aspect of habitat and type of soil) (Laasasenaho et al. 2005). Many researchers predicted bark t
Data Loading...
