Modeling rocky scenery using implicit blocks
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Modeling rocky scenery using implicit blocks A. Paris1
· A. Peytavie1 · E. Guérin1 · J.-M. Dischler2 · E. Galin1
© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract We present a novel geologically based method to generate vertical walls of rocky cliffs, crags or promontories. Our method procedurally generates a distribution of fractures in the bedrock to create a set of tiling blocks defined as implicit volumetric primitives. Blocks are in turn implicitly replicated over the vertical parts of the terrain and combined together to obtain a consistent volumetric representation of the fractured bedrock patterns using generalized union and blending operators. Our framework provides multiple levels of control: In addition to automatically generated blocks, the geometry of specific ones can be prescribed by the user using implicit primitives or construction trees, the shape of the blocks can be controlled by several parameters, and the placement rules may adapt according to the underlying geological strata and geometry of the terrain. Keywords Implicit surfaces · Terrain synthesis · Procedural modeling
1 Introduction Three-dimensional and vertical landforms such as cliffs, steep-walled canyons, crags, promontories or overhangs are fundamental visual elements of scenic terrains. Despite the wide application of artificial terrains in the entertainment industry as well as simulation, and extensive research in this area, modeling truly 3D landforms with a high level of detail such as eroded karst tunnel networks, rocky cliff overhangs and arches with bare rock strata remains an unsolved problem. The vast majority of existing techniques addresses only 2 21 D heightfield terrains which do not allow for an accurate representation of vertical landforms. Even though recent advanced techniques for modeling truly 3D terrains have been proposed [3,18,22], most of them have a limited resolution and only address the generation of large-scale features. Hyper-textures [20] can synthesize fractal mesoscale and microscale details over the surface of a coarse terrain; howElectronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-020-01905-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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A. Paris [email protected]
1
CNRS, LIRIS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
2
ICube, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
ever, the self-similar appearance of the resulting bedrock, often corresponding to sandstone, lacks structure. Generating the mesoscale block structures and small-scale patterns of bedrock that appear on bare rocky terrain and the vertical walls of canyons, steep-walled cliffs or promontories has received little attention. The challenge stems from the fact that the geometry of rocky surfaces results from different physical processes (including fracturing, percolation and erosion), depends on the materials involved (such as limestone, dolomite, sandstone or basalt), and shows in a variety of forms (from
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