Modelling runoff and sediment yield using GeoWEPP: a study in a watershed of lesser Himalayan landscape, India
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Modelling runoff and sediment yield using GeoWEPP: a study in a watershed of lesser Himalayan landscape, India Abhisek Kumar Singh1 · Suresh Kumar1 · Suneet Naithani2 Received: 31 March 2020 / Accepted: 5 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Estimation of runoff and sediment yield are primarily required for watershed development planning involving soil and water conservation measures. Runoff is primarily responsible for sediment detachment and their transport during the erosion processes. In the study, GeoWEPP model was used to estimate the daily runoff and sediment yield from a small watershed located in the Lesser Himalaya, Uttarakhand state, India. GeoWEPP model requires input files of the land use/land cover, slope, climate, soil and land use management which were generated within the GeoWEPP interface. CLIGEN (CLImate GENerator) was used to generate the daily weather parameters for the model. The model was calibrated with measured data of the year 2015 and performance was evaluated with the data collected in the year of 2016 and 2017 for runoff and sediment yield of the watershed. The sensitivity analysis showed the effective hydraulic conductivity, critical shear, inter-rill and rill erodibility as the most sensitive model parameters. Calibration of model revealed high correlation coefficient (0.92 and 0.94) and NSE (0.67 and 0.85) value for daily runoff and sediment yield from the watershed. Performance of the model showed high coefficient of determination for runoff (R2 = 0.85) and sediment yield (R2 = 0.95) with low RMSE value of 4.35 mm and 2.53 t ha−1, respectively. Lower scatter index (SI) value indicates acceptable RMSE for the model. The study showed a reliable estimation of daily runoff and sediment yield with GeoWEPP model in the lesser Himalayan landscape. Keywords GeoWEPP · Sediment yield · Runoff · Himalayan landscape
Introduction Soil erosion is the major land degradation problem despite concentrated scientific research and various conservation efforts have been made from global community worldwide (SWSR 2015). Soil erosion by water has affected 56% of the total degraded soils in the world (Oldeman 1992). In India, nearly 120.7 M ha land is degraded and 70% of it is degraded by water erosion (NAAS 2012). Improper agricultural practices, deforestation and overgrazing are the major * Abhisek Kumar Singh [email protected] Suresh Kumar [email protected] Suneet Naithani [email protected] 1
Agriculture and Soil Department, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001, India
School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Kedarpur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001, India
2
causes of water erosion, mainly due to exposure of soil surface directly to the erosive rains or due to farming on steep slopes with poor or no conservation measures. Soil erosion removes the top surface layer of soil enriched with nutrients and soil carbon resulting reduction in soil quality and soil fertility. It is consid
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