Modulation of biogenic amines content by poly(propylene imine) dendrimers in rats
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Modulation of biogenic amines content by poly(propylene imine) dendrimers in rats Karol Ciepluch & Barbara Ziemba & Anna Janaszewska & Dietmar Appelhans & Barbara Klajnert & Maria Bryszewska & Wiesława Agnieszka Fogel
Received: 5 September 2011 / Accepted: 15 February 2012 / Published online: 28 February 2012 # University of Navarra 2012
Abstract Biogenic amines and polyamines participate in all vital organism functions, their levels being important function determinants. Studies were performed to check whether repeated administration of poly(propylene imine) (PPI) dendrimers, synthetic macromolecules with diaminobutane core, and peripheral primary amine groups, may influence the endogenous level of amines, as represented by the two of them: spermidine, a natural derivative of diaminobutane, and histamine. The experiment was carried out on Wistar rats. Fourth generation PPI dendrimer, as well as maltotriose-modified fourth generation PPI dendrimers with (a) cationic open sugar shell and (b) neutral dense sugar shell that possess a higher biocompatibility, was used. Applying the combination of column chromatography on Cellex P and spectrofluorimetric assays of oK. Ciepluch (*) : B. Ziemba : A. Janaszewska : B. Klajnert : M. Bryszewska Department of General Biophysics, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland e-mail: [email protected]
phthaldialdehyde, the final amine condensation products were employed to analyze tissue spermidine and histamine outside the central nervous system. Furthermore, radioenzymatic assay was used to measure histamine levels in the brain. The obtained results indicate that in some tissues, the endogenous concentrations of histamine and spermidine may be affected by dendrimers depending on their dose and type of dendrimers. Keywords Biogenic amines . Histamine . Spermidine . Polyamines . Poly(propylene imine) dendrimers . In vivo study . Immune response . Rats Abbreviations Fourth generation PPI BA PA OPT
Poly(propylene imine) dendrimers Biogenic amines Polyamines o-Phtalaldehyde
Introduction D. Appelhans Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany W. A. Fogel Department of Hormone Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowskiego St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
There are many publications on dendrimers, their biophysical properties and biological activity [19]. These macromolecules can become new promising pharmaceuticals used in biomedicine as drug carriers, in gene transfection, and in other applications. The important key issue is that a drug carrier should be of nanometer scale, easily crossing the cell membrane, and furthermore
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they are classified as monoamines, diamines, or polyamines. Monoamines are aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic compounds, while diamines, putrescine, cadaverine and polyamines, spermidine, and spermine are aliphatic ones. Both biogenic amines and polyamines are called local hormones. They play a major role in health and diseases [17, 29] as
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