More Efficient Capture of Bacteria on Nanostructured Materials
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AA5.17.1
More Efficient Capture of Bacteria on Nanostructured Materials Thomas J. Webster1,2, Jin X. Liu3, and Margaret K. Banks3 1
School of Biomedical Engineering, 2School of Materials Engineering, and
3
School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
ABSTRACT Nanobiotechnology is a growing area of research, primarily due to the potentially numerous applications of new synthetic nanomaterials in engineering/science. Although various definitions have been given to the word “nanomaterials” by many different experts, the commonly accepted one refers nanomaterials as those materials which possess grains, particles, fibers, or other constituent components that have one dimension specifically less than 100 nm. In biological applications, most of the research to date has focused on the interactions between mammalian cells and synthetic nanophase surfaces for the creation of better tissue engineering materials. Although mammalian cells have shown a definite positive response to nanophase materials, the evidence for bacteria interactions with nanophase materials remains for the most part a mystery. For this reason, this study determined the capture of a model bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) on nanophase compared to conventional grain size alumina. Results provided the first evidence of increased capture of Pseudomonas fluorescens on alumina with nanometer compared to conventional grain sizes. Although not measured at the atomic scale, similar chemistry, crystallinity, crystal phase, and porosity was observed between nanophase and conventional alumina. For this reason, a major material property difference between nanophase and conventional alumina was reduced grain size (and perhaps associated changes in charge density) which led to increased bacteria capture and the design of better environmental filters.
INTRODUCTION Nanobiotechnology is a growing area of research [1], primarily due to the potentially numerous applications of new synthetic nanomaterials in engineering/science. Although various definitions have been given to the word “nanomaterials” by many different experts, the commonly accepted one refers nanomaterials as those materials which possess grains, particles, fibers, or other constituent components that have one dimension specifically less than 100 nm [2]. For example, in catalytic applications, compared to conventional grain size magnesium oxide, nanophase grain size magnesium oxide adsorbed up to ten times more organophosphorous and chlorocarbons [3, 4]. It was speculated that nanophase compared to conventional grain size magnesium oxide increased adsorption of these species due to greater numbers of atoms at the surface, a higher surface area, increased grain boundaries at the surface, and less acidic OH- groups (due to a much larger proportion of edge sites for the nanophase magnesium oxide to cause delocalization of electrons) [3, 4]. Such novel surface properties contribute to the noted increased wettability of nanophase compared to conventional ceramics [5] and, conseq
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