Multimodal functional neuronavigation and intraoperative imaging
Neurosurgical resection techniques in glioma surgery have evolved from simple tumor debulking to a holistic concept which includes anatomy, function and metabolism both of tumor and adjacent brain parenchyma. Driven by the dichotomic aim not to induce neu
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Brain Mapping From Neural Basis of Cognition to Surgical Applications
With a Foreword by Marsel Mesulam
Prof. Hugues Duffau, MD, PhD Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, and INSERM U1051, Team “Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Human Stem Cells and Glial Tumors”, Institute for Neuroscience of Montpellier, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
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© 2011 Springer-Verlag/Wien Printed in Austria SpringerWienNewYork is part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.at
Coverdesign: WMX Design GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany Layout and Typesetting: Peter Sachartschenko, Vienna, Austria Printing: Holzhausen Druck GmbH, Vienna, Austria Printed on acid-free and chlorine-free bleached paper SPIN: 12791132
With 140 (mainly coloured) Figures
Library of Congress Control Number: 2011928715
ISBN 978-3-7091-0722-5 SpringerWienNewYork
Foreword
In order to achieve optimal precision and safety in the operating room, a surgeon needs to understand not only the shape and vasculature of an organ but also the function of its parts. Classic surgical textbooks offer exquisite and definitive detail of functional anatomy for most organ systems. This is not yet the case in neurosurgery, for the obvious reason that the human brain is the single most complex device in the known universe and that the function of its parts is far from being fully understood. The human cerebral cortex alone contains 40 billion neurons crowded into 3 square meters of surface area. Each neuron makes thousands of synaptic contacts through which information rapidly flows from one neuron to another. The total number of neural contacts on the surface of the brain is in the order of 40 followed by 14 zeroes, a number that is as large as the number of all the stars in our galaxy. This complexity is not without order. Consistent patterns of regional specializations give rise to a map where job descriptions can vary dramatically over the course of a few millimeters. The most obvious functional landmarks of this map, the primary sensory and motor areas, constitute only 10% of the cerebral cortex. The rest is subsumed by association cortex, a vast expanse of gray matter that mediates integrative processes known as cognition,
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