Multiple Phage-Based Magnetoelastic Biosensors System for the Detection of Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus anthracis
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1129-V04-16
Multiple Phage-Based Magnetoelastic Biosensors System for the Detection of Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus anthracis spores S. Huang1, S. Li1, H. Yang1, M.L. Johnson1, R.S. Lakshmanan1, I.-H. Chen2, V.A. Petrenko3, J.M. Barbaree2, and B.A. Chin1 1 Materials Engineering, 275 Wilmore Labs, Auburn, AL 36830, USA 2 Dept. of Botany & Microbiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA 3 Dept. of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA ABSTRACT This paper presents a multiple magnetoelastic (ME) biosensor system for in-situ detection of S. typhimurium and B. anthracis spores in a flowing bacterial/spore suspension (5 × 101 – 5 × 108 cfu/ml). The ME biosensor was formed by immobilizing filamentous phage (specific to each detection target) on the ME platforms. An alternating magnetic field was used to resonate the ME biosensor to determine its resonance frequency. When cells/spores are bound to a ME biosensor surface, the additional mass of the cells/spores causes a decrease in the resonance frequency of the biosensor. The detection system was composed of a control sensor, an E2 phage-based biosensor (specific to S. typhimurium) and a JRB7 phage-based biosensor (specific to B. anthracis spores). The frequency response curves of the ME biosensors as a function of exposure time were then measured and the detection limit of the ME biosensor was observed to be 5 × 103 cfu/ml. The results show that phage-based ME biosensors can detect multiple pathogens simultaneously and offer good performance, including good sensitivity and rapid detection. INTRODUCTION Every year, there are over 76 million Americans that suffer from food-borne illnesses, out of which there are about 325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths annually [1]. Bacterial pathogens account for more than 50% of these food-borne illnesses. In the United States, human illness due to Salmonella infection is most commonly caused by S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, or S. heidelberg serotypes [2]. This year (2008), Salmonella outbreaks seem to be increasing in frequency. In mid-April, the Salmonella St. Paul outbreak on tomatoes became one of the largest Salmonella outbreaks in history and was far worse than the E. coli outbreak on spinach in 2006. This outbreak affected at least 869 people, 257 of whom were reported to be hospitalized. Additionally, B. anthracis is a possible bioterrorism agent that could be used to deliberately contaminate our food supply. Recently, fears of deliberate contamination of our food supply have become a concern, S. typhimurium and B. anthracis (anthrax) being primary pathogenic targets of interest. There is an increasing need to develop rapid and cost-effective methods to monitor pathogens and spores. So in this paper we present a multiple phage-based magnetoelastic biosensor system which is able to detect S. typhimurium and B. anthracis spores simultaneously. THEORY AND EXPERIMENT Working principle of ME platform
In this research, Metglas 2826 MB (Fe45Ni45Mo7B3) ribbon, acquired from Honeywell International,
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