Multiplicative modelling of EQ-5D-3L TTO and VAS values
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Multiplicative modelling of EQ‑5D‑3L TTO and VAS values Asrul Akmal Shafie1,2 · Annushiah Vasan Thakumar1 Received: 5 February 2020 / Accepted: 26 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objective This study aimed to test multiplicative modelling with EQ-5D-3L time-trade-off (TTO) and visual analogue scale (VAS) values. Methods A multi-stage sampling design was adopted for the study and data collection took place in three phases in 2010, 2011, and 2012 in the Northern region of Malaysia. Face-to-face interviews involved respondents answering both 13 TTO and 15 VAS valuation tasks were carried out. Both additive and multiplicative model specifications were explored using the valuation data. Model performance was evaluated using out-of-sample predictive accuracy by applying the cross-validation technique. The distribution of the model values was also graphically compared on Bland–Altman plots and kernel density distribution curves. Results Data from 630 and 611 respondents were included for analyses using TTO and VAS models, respectively. In terms of main-effects specifications, cross-validation results revealed a slight superiority of multiplicative models over its additive counterpart in modelling TTO values. However, both main-effects models had roughly equal predictive accuracy for VAS models. The non-linear multiplicative model with I32 term, MULT7_TTO, performed best for TTO models; while, the linear additive model with N3 term, ADD11_VAS, outperformed the other VAS models. Multiplicative modelling neither altered the dimensional rankings of importance nor did it change the distribution of values of the health states. Conclusion Using EQ-5D-3L valuation data, multiplicative modelling was shown to improve out-of-sample predictive accuracy of TTO models but not of VAS models. Keywords EQ-5D-3L · Modelling · Time-trade-off · Visual analogue scale · Multiplicative · Value set
Introduction The EQ-5D-3L describes health in five dimensions, namely mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression [1]. Each dimension is measured using three levels of severity: no problem, some problems, and severe problems/unable. A newer five-level version, the EQ5D-5L questionnaire, is also available for use [2]. In both EQ-5D questionnaires, a 20-cm thermometer-like scale, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-020-01233-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Asrul Akmal Shafie [email protected] 1
Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
Institutional Planning and Strategic Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
2
known as the EuroQol-Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS), measuring general health from 0 (worst imaginable health) to 100 (best imaginable health) is included for the assessment of self-reported overall health. Responses to the five EQ-5D dimensions form a he
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