Multipoint Pressure and Temperature Sensing Fiber Optic Cable for Monitoring CO 2 Sequestration
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Multipoint Pressure and Temperature Sensing Fiber Optic Cable for Monitoring CO2 Sequestration William A. Challener 1, Ansas M. Kasten1, Sachin Dekate1, Dimitri Dylov1, Reza Ghandi1, Renato Guida1, S. M. Hasan1, Thaddeus Czauski1, Russell Craddock2 and Roger Jones2 1 2
GE Global Research, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309-1027, U.S.A. GE Measurement and Control, Fir Tree lane, Groby, GB LE6 0FH
ABSTRACT A highly accurate multi-point pressure measurement system based on MEMS pressure sensors spliced into a fiber optic cable and suitable for downhole deployment in a CO2 sequestration well was designed, developed and tested in the laboratory. An interrogator system based on a pulsed laser excitation was shown to be capable of multiple (potentially 60+) point sensor measurements on a single fiber. The interrogator was interfaced with the GE PredixTM industrial internet to demonstrate a remote monitoring system. Sensor packages were fabricated and tested at high temperatures and pressures in supercritical CO2. Environmental and stress testing of the sensor components and package indicated areas in which the design of the package should be further improved. INTRODUCTION One of the most promising and low cost options for the reduction of CO2 greenhouse gas in the atmosphere is sequestration of CO2 at high pressure in underground cavities. In order to ensure long term sequestration, however, the cavities must be continuously monitored for leakage. One approach is to monitor the CO2 pressure within the cavity with highly accurate pressure sensors capable of operating within the high temperatures and pressures of these cavities, but conventional electronic-based sensors are generally only useful at temperatures below ~200°C. Previously, as a result of research aimed towards developing single point sensors for monitoring pressure in high temperature geothermal wells, GE developed and demonstrated highly accurate (0.1%) micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) pressure sensors for harsh environments at temperatures up to 300°C and pressures up to 3,000 psi that are interrogated through a fiber optic cable. This technology has now been extended by developing a new sensor interrogation technique that enables a multi-point pressure and temperature sensing fiber optic cable that is suitable for remote long-term monitoring within the harsh chemical environment of underground CO2 sequestration cavities at pressures up to 10 kpsi. Figure 1 illustrates a CO2 plume from forcing CO2 under pressure into a deep underground saline reservoir.
1501 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Cornell University Library, on 30 Aug 2017 at 01:02:08, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.119
Figure 1. Illustration of a CO2 sequestration well utilizing an underground brine cavity. CO2 is forced under pressure into the reservoir through an injection well. As the CO2 penetrates the reservoir, the extent of the plume enlarges. There is a density and
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