Multiscale modelling of hematologic disorders
Parasitic infectious diseases and other hereditary hematologic disorders are often associated with major changes in the shape and viscoelastic properties of red blood cells (RBCs). Such changes can disrupt blood flow and even brain per-fusion, as in the c
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Multiscale modelling of hematologic disorders Dmitry Fedosov, Igor Pivkin, Wenxiao Pan, Ming Dao, Bruce Caswell, and George E. Karniadakis
Abstract. Parasitic infectious diseases and other hereditary hematologic disorders are often associated with major changes in the shape and viscoelastic properties of red blood cells (RBCs). Such changes can disrupt blood flow and even brain perfusion, as in the case of cerebral malaria. Modelling of these hematologic disorders requires a seamless multiscale approach, where blood cells and blood flow in the entire arterial tree are represented accurately using physiologically consistent parameters. In this chapter, we present a computational methodology based on dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) which models RBCs as well as whole blood in health and disease. DPD is a Lagrangian method that can be derived from systematic coarsegraining of molecular dynamics but can scale efficiently up to small arteries and can also be used to model RBCs down to spectrin level. To this end, we present two comDmitry Fedosov Forschungszentrum J¨ulich, 52425 J¨ulich, Germany e-mail: [email protected] Igor Pivkin Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, e-mail: [email protected], currently at University of Lugano, Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6904, Lugano, Switzerland e-mail: [email protected] Wenxiao Pan Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA e-mail: [email protected] Ming Dao Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA e-mail: [email protected] Bruce Caswell Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA e-mail: [email protected] George E. Karniadakis ( ) Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA e-mail: George [email protected]
Ambrosi D., Quarteroni A., Rozza G. (Eds.): Modeling of Physiological Flows. DOI 10.1007/978-88-470-1935-5 10, © Springer-Verlag Italia 2012
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plementary mathematical models for RBCs and describe a systematic procedure on extracting the relevant input parameters from optical tweezers and microfluidic experiments for single RBCs. We then use these validated RBC models to predict the behaviour of whole healthy blood and compare with experimental results. The same procedure is applied to modelling malaria, and results for infected single RBCs and whole blood are presented.
10.1 Introduction The healthy human red blood cells (RBCs) are discocytes when not subjected to any external stresses and they are approximately 7.5 to 8.7 μm in diameter and 1.7 to 2.2 μm in thickness [1]. The membrane of the RBC is made up of a phospholipid bilayer and a network of spectrin molecules (cytoskeleton), with the latter largely responsible for the shear elastic properties of the RBC. The spectrin network is connected to bilayer via transmembrane proteins and together with the spectrin filaments and the cytosol inside the membrane determine the morphological structure of RBCs. This critical binding between the spectrin network and the lipid bilayer is actively controlled by ATP [2]. Parasitic infections or
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