Musculoskeletal Disease Associated with Diabetes Mellitus
The aim of this book is to review the latest findings on musculoskeletal disease associated with diabetes. It has been increasingly recognized that maintaining skeletal health is an important factor in achieving longevity in healthy subjects. Diabetes has
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Masaaki Inaba Editor
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Musculoskeletal Disease Associated with Diabetes Mellitus
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Masaaki Inaba Editor
Musculoskeletal Disease Associated with Diabetes Mellitus
Editor Masaaki Inaba Graduate School of Medicine Osaka City University Osaka Japan
ISBN 978-4-431-55719-7 ISBN 978-4-431-55720-3 DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-55720-3
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015958784 Springer Tokyo Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer Japan 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer Japan KK is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Although the title of this book is Musculoskeletal Disease Associated with Diabetes Mellitus, it describes not only bone and muscle disease but also its association with various metabolic abnormalities in diabetes. In the past decade, we have made substantial progress in accumulating evidence on the important role of bone and muscle as an endocrine organ in the development of abnormal glucose metabolism and in the progression of atherosclerotic changes in diabetes mellitus. Although diabetic osteopathy is characterized by various forms of bone abnormalities, increased fracture rate due to osteoporosis is the most important of those because it has been shown to increase mortality. It had been believed that diabetic patients, particularly those with type 2 diabetes, maintained bone mineral density normal for their age; however, recent epidemiological data indicate a higher bone fracture rate related to bone mineral density in diabetic patients, both type 1 and type 2, to which impaired bone quality and preferential occurrence of cortical porosis might contribute. Furthermore, the importance of sarcopenia is increasingly recognized from the standpoint of impaired longevity or mortality in diabetic patients, because muscle has now been established not only as a target organ of insulin to regulate various aspects of metabolism including glucose towards a normal
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