Nanocomplexes of whey protein fibrillar aggregates and quercetin as novel multi-functional biopolymeric ingredients: int
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Nanocomplexes of whey protein fibrillar aggregates and quercetin as novel multi‑functional biopolymeric ingredients: interaction, chemical structure, and bio‑functionality Mehdi Mohammadian1,2 · Arasb Dabbagh Moghaddam1 · Anousheh Sharifan3 · Parviz Dabaghi4 · Saeid Hadi1 Received: 1 March 2020 / Accepted: 24 April 2020 © Iranian Chemical Society 2020
Abstract This study aimed to use whey protein fibril (WPF) as a solubility enhancer for the quercetin at an acidic condition (pH 3.5) similar to the food beverages. The fibrillar aggregates formed by 6.0 h heating of whey protein solution showed the highest ability to form the soluble complexes with quercetin due to their high surface hydrophobicity. The sedimentation of quercetin during the storage was considerably decreased by binding to WPF. The association between WPF and quercetin through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding was detected by intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology of complexes was investigated using atomic force microscopy. The surface charge density, apparent viscosity, surface tension, and foaming properties (foaming capacity and foam stability) of WPF were affected by binding to quercetin. The bound quercetin endowed whey protein nanofibrils with a strong radical scavenging activity and reducing power. The release of quercetin from WPF-quercetin complex was investigated under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The results of this study revealed that whey protein nanofibril is an ideal natural nanoscale carrier for improving the water solubility of quercetin, and the resulting complexes can be used as novel multi-functional ingredients in the formulation of food products especially acidic beverages. Keywords Whey protein nanofibrils · Quercetin · Surface tension · Free radical scavenging activity
Introduction Quercetin as a natural flavonol is present in many fruits, vegetables, leaves, and grains such as onions and apples [1, 2]. Different biological and pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, * Mehdi Mohammadian [email protected] * Arasb Dabbagh Moghaddam [email protected] 1
Department of Health, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Food Science and Engineering, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3
Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4
Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
and antiviral properties have been reported for quercetin [3]. However, different weaknesses such as low aqueous solubility, high instability, poor bioavailability, and limited oral absorption restrict the applications of quercetin in different medicinal, cosmetic, and food formulations [2, 4]. To overcome these challenges, different strategies such as encapsulation within the delivery systems m
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