Nanoindentation Investigation of Ti/Fe Bimetallic Plate Welded by Vanadium Filler
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INTRODUCTION
LOW cost and high performance make explosion bonded titanium/steel (Ti/Fe) bimetallic plates attractive for broad applications, such as petrochemical pipes and vessels.[1,2] Their manufacture and structure-property relation have been investigated.[3–5] However, the formation of brittle intermetallics (e.g., FeTi and Fe2Ti)[6] and thermal stress mismatch[7,8] during welding remain technical challenges. It is confirmed that the overall performance of such butt welds can be improved by introducing intermediate metals as the fillers that can modify the phase compositions of the welding metals. The most widely used intermediates are Cu,[9] Ni,[10] and vanadium (V)[11] and their alloys. Our previous studies of Ti/Fe bimetallic plates with Cu-based filler[12,13] indicate that the increase of Cu-Ti compounds leads to lower ductility. On the other hand, V is considered as a promising filler candidate due to its capacity of continuous solid solution in Ti[14] and Fe.[14–16] In addition, Nogami et al.[17] and
QIAOLING CHU is with the College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China and also with the School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia. Contact email: [email protected] MIN ZHANG, JIHONG LI, and FUXUE YAN are with the College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology. Contact email: [email protected] CHENG YAN is with School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT). Manuscript submitted August 25, 2018.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
Ustinovshikov et al.[18] have demonstrated that the brittle r-FeV phase could be suppressed by rapid cooling. In this work, nanoindentation was used to correlate the microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti/Fe dissimilar welds with V as filler. Different welding configurations were adopted to investigate the phase formation mechanism. We believe the results can benefit from the practice of welding Ti/Fe bimetals.
II.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
The base materials (Ti/Fe) to be butt welded were fabricated by explosive welding, with a dimension of 400 mm 9 300 mm 9 30 mm (thickness of Ti ~ 10 mm, Fe ~ 20 mm). The thickness of Fe plate was reduced to 10 mm and the groove was introduced on the Fe side to simplify the welding process. Gas metal arc welding was used and Fe (ER50-6) and V were selected as the filler materials. The chemical composition is listed in Table I. Two welding configurations were adopted: sample A with V (single pass) + Fe (single pass) and sample B with V (single pass) + Fe (three passes), as shown in Figure 1. The welding parameters are listed in Table II. The weldment was cooled to room temperature between each pass. A scanning electron microscope (SEM, JEOL*-7001F) equipped with electron *JEOL is a trademark of Japan Electron Optics Ltd., Tokyo.
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