National Water Security Case Study of an Arid Country: Tunisia
This book shows how the change of water paradigm has become urgent, and provides evidence for new policies that expand water balance to green and virtual water. The issue of water security concerns drinking water supply but also food safety, linked to agr
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National Water Security
Case Study of an Arid Country: Tunisia
National Water Security
Mustapha Besbes Jamel Chahed Abdelkader Hamdane •
National Water Security Case Study of an Arid Country: Tunisia
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Mustapha Besbes University of Tunis El Manar, National Engineering School of Tunis Tunis Tunisia
Abdelkader Hamdane University of Carthage, National Agronomic Institute of Tunis Tunis Tunisia
Jamel Chahed University of Tunis El Manar, National Engineering School of Tunis Tunis Tunisia
ISBN 978-3-319-75498-7 ISBN 978-3-319-75499-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75499-4
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018940622 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Foreword
Little by little, a general awareness is spreading: the “water problem” is becoming one of the questions of increasing urgency that must be answered within the coming years by the more than seven billion inhabitants living on our planet today or by the nine and a half billion who will most likely be living here in 2050, or more than eleven billion in 2100. There are three main reasons for this: the seemingly unstoppable demographic growth, although the rhythm of this growth appears to be slowing down in some countries, but shows no signs of doing so in others, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa; the rising demand for water due to economic development and increasing food consumption, as the major proportion of the water consumption is linked to food production. The changes in diets and food habits promise an enormous increase in the demand for agricultural water which represents, by
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