Natural Resources, Sustainability and Humanity A Comprehensive View
Shortly, this book is the written up-graded version of the topics discussed during the Small Meeting of the Second International School Congress: Natural Resources, Sustainability and Humanity, held in Braga, Portugal, 5-8 May 2010 with the diverse partic
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Angela Mendonca • Ana Cunha Ranjan Chakrabarti Editors
Natural Resources, Sustainability and Humanity A Comprehensive View
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Editors Angela Mendonca Lamacaes School Cluster Braga Portugal Ana Cunha Department of Biology School of Sciences Minho University Braga Portugal
Ranjan Chakrabarti Department of History Jadavpur University Kolkata India
Disclaimer: The facts and opinions expressed in this work are those of the editors and authors and not necessarily those of the publisher.
ISBN 978-94-007-1320-8 e-ISBN 978-94-007-1321-5 DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-1321-5 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2012933372 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Dedication
This book is dedicated to all anthropogenic climate changes casualties. And to Prof Dr Hugh Freeman who died in May 2011. He was an internationally renowned psychiatrist whose major interest was unique and humane in concern with the effect of the environment on mental health. He presented a paper on this subject in Braga, Portugal, at the II International School Congress in May 2010. Prof Hugh Freeman was Editor of the British Journal of Psychiatry and published very many books including Psychiatric Cultures Compared, A Century of Psychiatry and The Impact of the Environment on Mental Disorder. This is the abstract of the very last conference given by our dearest friend Hugh Freeman. Mental Health Effects of the Environment Professor Hugh Freeman Green-Templeton College, Oxford 0X2 6HG, UK At the same time as the recognised major changes in climate and the chemical composition of the atmosphere, there have also been upheavals in people’s personal worlds. There have been large-scale movements of populations around the world. It is well known that changes in physical environments affect people’s mental health and their behaviour. These might be factors such as overcrowding and facing novel interactions of different social and racial groups. The biggest of these social changes is the drift to the cities, on a scale never known before in human history. For the first time, more people in the world now live in urban rather than rural settlements. Many cities, particularly in the Developing World, are of a far greater size than at any other time. This urbanisation has been completely unplanned and there is still not enough reliable understanding about its effects on people, notably any psychiatric changes caused by these movements. But there is some indication, for example, that the pressure of overcrowd
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