Neuropsychological Assessments of Dementia in Down Syndrome and Intellectual Disabilities
Up until the early 1980s there were a limited number of tests used for diagnosing dementia, and those existing were severely limited in terms of accurate detection, particularly in individuals with intellectual disabilities. The last 25 years ho
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Vee P. Prasher Editor
Neuropsychological Assessments of Dementia in Down Syndrome and Intellectual Disabilities
Editor Vee P. Prasher Liverpool John Moore University C/o The Greenfields Monyhull Kings Norton Birmingham UK
ISBN: 978-1-84800-248-7 e-ISBN 978-1-84800-249-4 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-84800-249-4 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2008939462 © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2009 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. Printed on acid-free paper Springer Science+Business Media springer.com
To Lesley Seeney my loyal and accommodating secretary who has for many years uncomplainingly undertaken my work.
Preface
Up to the early 1980s neuropsychological assessments of persons with intellectual disability (ID) usually meant an assessment for developmental delay, of intelligence (intelligence quotient testing) or of level of adaptive behavior. Popular tests included the Stanford-Binet, Wechsler Intelligence Scales, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, the Griffin Mental Developmental Scales, and the Vineland Social Maturity Scale. These were assessments of the “overall” level of ability. Arthur Dalton in New York was one of a few pioneering clinicians who at this time, focused on the development of tests for specific areas of cognition in persons with ID. Following his work, subsequent researchers, in the latter part of the twentieth century, have proposed and developed a number of measures not only to detect the level of cognitive abilities but also to measure decline; a perquisite to the diagnosis of dementia. At the beginning of the twenty-first century as demonstrated in this book, several neuropsychological measures have been developed to aid the clinical diagnosis of dementia/dementia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Neuropsychological assessments no longer remain the sole responsibility of psychologists, as psychiatrists, researchers, ID nurses, neuroscientists, all now play a part in the development and administration of specific tests.
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