New Energy Plans of Oil Companies
The development of social civilization drives the development of energy demand in a clean, efficient and convenient direction. The advancement of science and technology drives the transformation of energy production and ultimately achieves a balanced deve
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New Energy
New Energy
Caineng Zou
New Energy
123
Caineng Zou Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development Beijing, China
ISBN 978-981-15-2727-2 ISBN 978-981-15-2728-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2728-9
(eBook)
Jointly published with Petroleum Industry Press The print edition is not for sale in China. Customers from China please order the print book from: Petroleum Industry Press. © Petroleum Industry Press and Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publishers, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publishers, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publishers nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publishers remain neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
Preface
The earth was formed 4.6 billion years ago, and human beings have been born for 6 million years. Since primitive humans picked up the fire for the first time, energy, water and food constitute the three main elements of human survival. Energy refers to the power resources that can be provided in nature for human survival and social progress. Energy comes mainly from in three ways, the sun, the earth and the moon. Energy types include primary energy and secondary energy. Energy is usually divided into two categories, traditional energy and new energy. Traditional energy mainly includes wood, coal, oil and natural gas, etc. and the “new energy” discussed in this book mainly refers to non-fossil new energy sources, focusing on solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, electricity, hydrogen energy and energy storage by using new materials and so on. Scientific and technological progress and social civilization are the two major drivers of energy development. The world energy structure has undergone two transitions, of which the first transition has achieved the energy revolution from fuelwood to coal and the second transition has achie
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