Nicotine Content from Cigarettes Submerged in Soda
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Nicotine Content from Cigarettes Submerged in Soda Muhammed Ershad 1
&
Joris Beld 2 & Ahmed Mostafa 1 & Maricel Dela Cruz 1 & David Vearrier 3 & Michael I. Greenberg 4
Received: 1 October 2019 / Revised: 18 February 2020 / Accepted: 21 February 2020 # American College of Medical Toxicology 2020
Abstract Introduction Cigarettes and other tobacco products may be extinguished by submersion in liquids in beverage cans or bottles. Cases of nicotine poisoning in children have been reported following ingestion of such liquids. The aim of this study is to analyze the variability of nicotine concentrations with respect to number of cigarettes immersed and the duration of immersion in a soda can Methods One unsmoked cigarette was immersed in a cola containing soda can. Three separate samples of the mixture were obtained at different intervals of time post immersion up to 1 week. At the same time, a set of four cola cans were immersed with an increasing number of unsmoked cigarettes and samples obtained. All the samples were then analyzed for nicotine concentrations using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results The mean concentration of nicotine measured over the course of 6 hours from one full cigarette in 55 ml of a cola beverage was 0.48 mg/ml. Nicotine concentrations steadily increased in the first 6 hours following submersion, after which, the levels plateaued (r = 0.530, n = 18, p = 0.024). There was a strong positive correlation between nicotine concentrations and the number of cigarettes (r = 0.967, n = 12, p = 3eā7). Conclusions The mean concentration of nicotine measured over the course of 6 hours from one immersed cigarette can be potentially toxic especially to children. Nicotine concentrations are positively correlated with the number of cigarettes and time of immersion.
Introduction Cigarettes and other tobacco products may be extinguished by submersion in liquids in beverage cans or bottles. Many of the case reports and poison control data allude to significant nicotine poisoning caused from ingesting cigarette butts or Supervising Editor: Ashley Webb, MSc, PharmD Data in this study were previously presented in the form of a poster presentation at the North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology (NACCT) meeting in Nashville, TN in September 2019. * Muhammed Ershad [email protected] 1
Medical Toxicology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
2
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
3
Emergency Medicine, Medical Toxicology, University of Mississipi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississipi, USA
4
Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
nicotine refill solution used in e-cigarettes or nicotine replacement products like chewing gums, lozenges and transdermal patches [1ā5]. There are however instances where children have accidentally ingested soda dipped with cigarettes and consequently developed nicotine toxicity. In our
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