Novel plasticizer for acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and its effect on physico-mechanical and electrical propertie
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Bull Mater Sci (2020)43:222 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-020-02196-2
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Novel plasticizer for acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and its effect on physico-mechanical and electrical properties of the vulcanizates EMAD S SHAFIK1, NEHAD N ROZIK1,* , ADEL F YOUNAN1 and SALWA L ABD EL-MESSIEH2 1
Polymer and Pigments Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt Microwave Physics and Dielectric Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt *Author for correspondence ([email protected]) 2
MS received 12 December 2019; accepted 29 March 2020 Abstract. In the manuscript, the quaternization method followed by anion exchange reaction was used to prepare 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [C12MIM]BF4 ionic liquid (IL). The prepared IL was verified through Fourier transform infrared and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The IL, as a novel plasticizer, is incorporated into the acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composite with different contents from 1 to 5 phr in comparison with dioctyl phthalate (DOP) as a traditional plasticizer. The IL effect on the rheology, mechanical, electrical properties of the vulcanizates and their resistance to thermal ageing were investigated. The morphology of NBR composites was investigated by a scanning electron microscope. The results show that adding IL to the NBR vulcanizates improves both mechanical and electrical properties of composites more than traditional DOP. Keywords. properties.
1.
Quaternization method; anion exchange; ionic liquid; plasticizer; mechanical properties; electrical
Introduction
Currently, incorporation of ionic liquid (IL) in polymeric composites has been permitted to enhance the properties of the composites. ILs are used as novel additives in polymeric composites for example as plasticizers, antistatic agents, lubricants or compatibilizer in polymeric nanocomposites [1–5]. This is due to the fact that ILs have specific properties, such as highly thermal and chemical stability, high ionic conductivity, negligible volatility, inflammability, etc. Some research studies stated that enhancing the ionic conductivities is due to increasing the mobility of carrier charge [6–8]. Quaternization reaction of amines is a well-known technique to prepare ILs [9]. This technique has been used to prepare 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium salts. Halides can be introduced by the reaction of N-methylimidazole with a suitable haloalkane [10]. The anion exchange method is used to introduce several anions such as halides, tetrafluoroborate [11], hexafluorophosphate [12], etc. Recent research studies have discussed the health and eco-friendly features of the use of conventional plasticizer such as dioctyl phthalate (DOP). These studies specified that DOP is unhealthy because of its carcinogenic effect. The accurate leaching and migration of DOP could interfuse medical liquid and blood, and it is unhealthy because of its
carcinogenesis. Hence, to guarantee the safety of medical material, a
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