Nucleation and crystallization of poly(propylene 2,5-furan dicarboxylate) by direct blending of microcrystalline cellulo
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Nucleation and crystallization of poly(propylene 2,5-furan dicarboxylate) by direct blending of microcrystalline cellulose: improved tensile and barrier properties Sakil Mahmud Jin Zhu
. Jinggang Wang . Na Shao . Zhu Xiong . Ruoyu Zhang
.
Received: 12 February 2020 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Poly(propylene 2,5-furan dicarboxylate) (PPF) is an example of alipharomatic bio-based polyester which has a high potential for the replacement of its fossil-based terephthalate counterparts (PPT). PPF offers advantages over PPT owing to its brilliant properties. However, PPF often exhibits a slow rate of crystallization, which is a bottleneck for its successful synthesis. This has also caused limited research work on the use of PPF for the specific application. Therefore, in this study, PPF is melt compounded with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) via twin-screw extrusion, which in turn enhances its
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03448-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. S. Mahmud J. Wang N. Shao R. Zhang (&) J. Zhu (&) Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected] J. Zhu e-mail: [email protected]
crystallization. During its preparation, no toxic chemicals are used to modify the fibers or compatibilizers, indicating that the synthesis method follows green chemistry principles. The influence of the MCC on the thermal, structure and surface behaviors of PPF is analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo-gravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. The effect of the MCC on both non-isothermal and isothermal crystallization of PPF is also explored by using DSC. It is observed that crystallization is faster, while PPF is compounded with lower content of MCC. Similarly, the nucleating rate is intensified with the introduction of MCC. The incorporation of MCC significantly increased tensile modulus, strength and elongation of break of progressing PPF by 16%, 63% and 61%, N. Shao Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China Z. Xiong Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
S. Mahmud University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
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Cellulose
respectively, at a content of 15 wt.% MCC. The blend also owned better oxygen and carbon dioxide barrier pro
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