Object-oriented simulation of hydrometallurgical processes: Part I. Requirements and implementation
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I.
INTRODUCTION
COMPUTER-aided process engineering has made considerable progress during the last decades in the fields of process analysis, synthesis, design, and control. The increasing development of software tools covering conventional and specialized chemical engineering operations has had an enormous impact on the productivity of design engineers and on the quality of final products for processes that involve tedious mass and energy balance calculations, optimization, and study of the dynamic performance of a large number of chemical systems. Together with increasing hardware improvements that have produced more powerful workstations to speed up flowsheet calculations, new computing environments have been introduced which allow a tremendous increase in programming efficiency with less effort regarding code development. Furthermore, new programming styles have been adopted that have changed the way in which developers treat basic program structures and data representation, leading to revolutionary technological advances in all fields of programming. In particular, the development of object-oriented programming together with window-driven operational systems has produced new concepts regarding programming, flowsheeting, and artificial intelligence concepts. Despite the fact that commercial computer-aided design tools in chemical engineering are significantly behind the current state-of-the-art of computC.T. KIRANOUDIS, N.G. VOROS, T. KRITIKOS, Research Assistants, Z.B. MAROULIS, Associate Professor, and D. MARINOSKOURIS, Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, and N. PAPASSIOPI and O. DIMITROPOULOU, Research Assistants, I. PASPALIARIS, Assistant Professor, and A. KONTOPOULOS, Professor, Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, are with the National Technical University, GR-15780, Athens, Greece. Manuscript submitted May 30, 1996. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
ing technology, object-oriented programming is undoubtedly the future face of technology in this area. A computer-aided process engineering software environment should generally aim to systematically represent the process units and streams, construct flowsheet structures through graphical tools, automatically generate the mathematical models related to elementary modules, carry out various flowsheet calculations, and manage the database systems concerning thermodynamic and economic figures.[1] In this way, computer-aided process engineering has significantly aided the solution of synthesis problems that are underdefined and hierarchical in nature, or when the solution of the original problem must be sought in a large search space and the overall solution emerges from the solution of subproblems.[2] As a consequence of this, the artistic nature of design results in the lack of strong standards in the methodologies, which are followed during either the synthesis or the analysis phase. Computer-aided process simulation has already had an active history of 3 decades,[3,4] the first 2 decades having been reviewed,[5,6] while ef
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