Occult Spinal Dysraphism
This volume covers the known details of all subtypes of occult spinal dysraphism in unprecedented detail. This 21 chapter invaluable resource begins with a deep dive into the history and embryology of occult spinal dysraphisms. Following this, subty
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Occult Spinal Dysraphism
R. Shane Tubbs • Rod J. Oskouian Jeffrey P. Blount • W. Jerry Oakes Editors
Occult Spinal Dysraphism
Editors R. Shane Tubbs Seattle Science Foundation Seattle, WA USA
Rod J. Oskouian Swedish Neuroscience Institute Seattle, WA USA
Jeffrey P. Blount Pediatric Neurosurgery Children’s of Alabama Birmingham, AL USA
W. Jerry Oakes Division of Neurosurgery Children’s of Alabama Birmingham, AL USA
ISBN 978-3-030-10993-6 ISBN 978-3-030-10994-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10994-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2019934819 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
Our knowledge of the occult spinal dysraphisms has evolved significantly since the first observations of the various manifestations of this term. Spinal dysraphisms, in general, have been observed and studied by many greats in the history of medicine including Morgagni and von Recklinghausen. The term is attributed to Lichtenstein (1940) who in describing dorsal midline fusion defects found that this constellation of pathological findings was “adequately designated by the term dysraphism or status dysraphicus.” Interestingly, the occult forms of spinal dysraphism have usually had less attention paid to them compared to their cousins, the open varieties. Surgeons (e.g., James Gardner, C.C. Michael James, and L.P. Lassman), obviously, have also had a keen interest in these embryological derailments and have added to our understanding of their morphology and best surgical treatments, especially in terms of the tethered cord syndrome, which is now, but not historically, an accepted pathological concept. We now know that clinicians
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