Oil pollution: human damages on hydraulic regime in sandy beach ecosystems

Various anthropogenic pollutants ultimately threaten coastal areas. One of the most significant anthropogenic pollution is oil pollution. It is estimated that 1.7- 8.8 X 106 tons of petroleum hydrocarbon are released into marine environment annually (Natu

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Waves and Tidal Flat Ecosystems

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH

E. Baba, H. Kawarada, W. Nishijima, M. Okada, H. Suito

Waves and Tidal Flat Ecosystems

With 144 Figures, 27 in colour

,

Springer

P ROF. ElICHI BABA

P ROF. WATARU N lSHIJ IMA PROF. MITSUMASA OKADA

Information Exchange Office Hiroshima University 1-3-2 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima,739-85 11 Japan

Department of Chemical Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8527 Japan

P ROF. HIDEO KA WARADA

Faculty of Distribution and Logistics Systems Ryutsu Keizai University Hirahata 120, Ryuugasaki Ibaraki, 301-8555 Japan

ISBN 978-3-642-62444-5

P ROF. H IROSHI SUITO

Department of Environmental and Mathematical Sciences Okayama University 3- 1-1 Tsushima-naka Okayama, 700-8530 Japan

ISBN 978-3-642-55534-3 (eBook)

DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-55534-3 Cataloging.in-Publication Data applied for A catalog record for this book is available from the Library ofCongress. Bibliographie information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lisls this pubhcation in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic dala is available in the Internet at . Tbis work is subjtct to copyrigh t. All righ ts are reserved, whelher the whole or pari of the material is concerned, specifically th e rights oi lranslation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, redtation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this.pubhcation or parts thereof is permitted only unde r Ihe provisions of the German Copyright Law oiSeptemher 9, 1965, in its curren t version, and permission for use must always b-e obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are Hable for prosecution under the German Copyrigli t Law. http://www.springer.de

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003 Originally publishcd by Springer-Verlag ßcrl in Ileidc1bcrg New Vork in 2003 Soflcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2003 The use of genera l descriptive names, registered oames, trademarks, ete. in this publication dots not imply, even in the absen" of a spedfic statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant proltctive laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. ProduCI liability: Tbe publishers cannot guarantee the accuraq of any information abou t the applieation of operative leclmiques aod meClicalions contained in Ihis book. [n every individual case tli.e user must dieck such info rmation by consulting the relevanlliteralure. Camera ready by Ihe aulhors Cover desi~n: E. Kirchner, Heide\berg 30f3 140f 543210

Preface

In this book, the authors address present-day methodology to explore natural phenomena. Highly advanced computational fluid mechanics contributes to the rationalization of experimental work. By taking sandy beach and tidal flat ecosystems as an example, results from interdisciplinary collaboration between environmental experimentalists and applied mathematicians are presented in an interactive manner. In 1994, an environment