Omega-3 fatty acids reduce post-operative risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after surgery for elderly
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Omega-3 fatty acids reduce post-operative risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after surgery for elderly patients with proximal femoral fractures: a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial Xinying Zheng 1 & Rufu Jia 1 & Yuanyuan Li 2 & Tingting Liu 2 & Zhijing Wang 2 Received: 28 January 2020 / Accepted: 6 May 2020 # SICOT aisbl 2020
Abstract Background Elderly patients with proximal femoral fractures face elevated risk of post-operative deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, due to the lack of suitable treatment plans after surgery and hospital discharge. This study aimed to investigate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in the above-described clinical setting. Methods Five hundred and seven elderly patients (> 60 years of age) suffering from proximal femoral fractures were recruited. After exclusion, 452 eligible patients were assigned in a random manner to receive either omega-3 fatty acids at the daily dose of 1000 mg or placebo, via oral administration for a period of 30 days after surgery. At the end of intervention, the incidences of pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and other related complications were compared between the two study groups. Results Incidences of pulmonary embolism as well as deep vein thrombosis, including events leading to fatality, were significantly reduced by the 30-day omega-3 fatty acid intervention. But other related complications, such as haematoma evacuation, post-operative wound bleed, wound infection with frank pus, and other bleed events that required transfusion, were not affected after omega-3 fatty acid consumption. Conclusion Daily supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids decreases the risk of pulmonary embolism as well as symptomatic deep vein thrombosis, after surgery among elderly patients with proximal femoral fractures, without causing elevated risk of bleeding episodes. Keywords Omega-3 fatty acids . Deep vein thrombosis . Pulmonary embolism . Proximal femoral fractures . Post-operative risk
Introduction Proximal femoral fracture, also known as “hip fracture”, is a frequent injury, and adverse outcomes are common. Proximal femoral fractures (PFFs) associated with osteoporosis impose a great financial and clinical challenge to the NHS. Bed stays related to PFF are estimated to be over 1.5 million days, representing 20% of overall orthopaedic bed occupancy. In female patients over 45 years old, PFF accounts for a greater
* Rufu Jia [email protected] 1
Department of Nursing, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
2
Department of Anesthesia of West Hospital, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
proportion of bed occupancy than a number of common illnesses [1]. Excess mortality in the first year is 20% and even higher in male patients at advanced ages [2, 3]. Surgery for PFFs has a high likelihood for post-operative complications. It has been reported that the complication percentage for patients over 60 is approximately
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