On the Properties of a Novel V-Containing Saponite Catalyst for Propene Oxidative Dehydrogenation
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On the Properties of a Novel V-Containing Saponite Catalyst for Propene Oxidative Dehydrogenation Fabio Carniato Æ Chiara Bisio Æ Giorgio Gatti Æ Simone Roncoroni Æ Sandro Recchia Æ Leonardo Marchese
Received: 8 May 2009 / Accepted: 2 June 2009 / Published online: 13 June 2009 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009
Abstract Vanadium ions are introduced for the first time in the framework of saponite clay (V-SAP) by hydrothermal direct synthesis. The physico-chemical properties and redox behaviour of the obtained material are discussed together with its catalytic performances in propene ODH, and its activity in the formation of poly-condensed aromatic products. Keywords ODH Propene Clay Saponite Vanadium Coke
1 Introduction In the last years, natural clays have found large interest for their numerous applications in industry, agriculture, surface coatings, environmental purposes (as adsorbents, ion exchangers) and heterogeneous catalysts [1, 2]. The applications of clays in catalysis field has attracted large attention because they are effective catalysts for a wide range of organic reactions (Diels-Alder, Friedel-Crafts
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10562-009-0049-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. F. Carniato C. Bisio G. Gatti L. Marchese (&) Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Avanzate, Centro Interdisciplinare Nano-Sistemi, Universita` del Piemonte Orientale ‘‘Amedeo Avogadro’’, Via Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy e-mail: [email protected] S. Roncoroni S. Recchia Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, Universita` dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio, 11, 22100 Como, Italy
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alkilations, hydrogenations and esterifications reactions [3], often displaying high regio- or shape-selectivity [4]. The catalytic activity of clays is due to Brønsted, Lewis or redox centers related to the presence of protons or metal ions. Such activity can be either originally present in both natural and synthetic clays or introduced by cation exchange, acid activation or deposition of co-catalysts onto the clay surface [4]. As far as natural clays are concerned, their use in catalysis has not been fully developed because of the variability of their chemical composition, and presence of metal impurities. This prompted scientists to pay attention to the preparation and application of synthetic clay materials. Among the different class of clays, smectites and in particular saponites are considered interesting for their surface acidity, generated by a partial substitution of Si(IV) ions by Al(III) ions in the tetrahedral sheets. A large number of recently published papers deals with the preparation of saponite solids [5–12], whose surface acidity is relevant for different catalytic applications, i.e. for cracking [12] or fatty acid epoxides ring-opening reactions [13]. These materials can be in addition exploited as redox catalysts by the introduction of transition metals. Among transition metal
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