Opacity
The interaction of radiation with matter is a fundamental process in the universe; in particular, the absorption and scattering of radiation by matter (the opacity) govern the formation, evolution, and structure of stars and planets. But opacity is
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Walter F. Huebner W. David Barfield
Opacity
Astrophysics and Space Science Library EDITORIAL BOARD Chairman W.B. BURTON, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A. ([email protected]); University of Leiden, The Netherlands ([email protected]) F. BERTOLA, University of Padua, Italy C. J. CESARSKY, European Southern Observatory, Garching bei München, Germany P. EHRENFREUND, Leiden University, The Netherlands O. ENGVOLD, University of Oslo, Norway A. HECK, Strasbourg Astronomical Observatory, France E. P. J. VAN DEN HEUVEL, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands V. M. KASPI, McGill University, Montreal, Canada J. M. E. KUIJPERS, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands H. VAN DER LAAN, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands P. G. MURDIN, Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK B. V. SOMOV, Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Russia R. A. SUNYAEV, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
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Walter F. Huebner • W. David Barfield
Opacity
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Walter F. Huebner Southwest Research Institute (SWRI) Space Science & Engineering Division San Antonio, TX, USA [email protected] [email protected]
W. David Barfield Tucson, AZ, USA
The frontispiece illustration shows a 3-D surface plot of the total Rosseland mean opacity of oxygen as a function of the degeneracy parameter and temperature. The sample data were extracted from the opacity code ATOMIC and visualized using the opacity visualization tool OVID (Courtesy Leslie Welser-Sherrill, Los Alamos National Laboratory) ISSN 0067-0057 ISSN 2214-7985 (electronic) ISBN 978-1-4614-8796-8 ISBN 978-1-4614-8797-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-8797-5 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013951650 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does n
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