Optimization of light-dependent resistor sensor for the application of solar energy tracking system
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Optimization of light‑dependent resistor sensor for the application of solar energy tracking system Venkatarao Dadi1 · Swapna Peravali1 Received: 21 March 2020 / Accepted: 4 August 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Optimization of cadmium sulfide light-dependent resistor (CdS-LDR) sensor is one of the suitable circuit elements to be used as the sun-pointing sensor. The sun-pointing sensor is used in solar energy tracking systems to capture maximum power by photovoltaic (PV) cells or systems at the time of uniform or partial irradiance of the sun and effect of shade during clouds. PV cells or modules’ generating power is affected due to partial shading. The PV cells are able to produce maximum power, as long as the sun’s irradiance is projected perpendicular to the panel’s surface. Optimization of lightdependent resistor CdS-LDR sensor is designed based on the intensity of the sun. A relation is obtained between intensity and photo-resistance of CdS-LDR sensor with coefficient of regression ( R2 ) value of 0.99. Maximum intensity of the sun is captured using CdS-LDR sensor which is designed with characteristic curve of intensity and photo-resistance using power algorithm. Minimum dull intensity of the sunlight is used to place the panel in initial position. In addition to that cloud effects with sudden transients are also analyzed using temperature humidity index term. The power gained by optimized dual axis solar tracking (DAST) system is 50.63% with reference to fixed panel. The generated power of DAST system is also analyzed under shading effect of cloud. Data are collected for every 2–3 s of time interval from 6:32:00 to 17:38:33 using real-time virtual instrumentation Parallax Data Acquisition tool. Keywords Power algorithm · Light-dependent resistor · Minimum dull intensity of the sunlight (MDISL) · Mapping technique · Parallax Data Acquisition (PLX-DAQ) tool · Regression analysis
1 Introduction Renewable energy resources like solar energy and its great demand of usage in electricity is drastically increased, whereas usage of nonrenewable sources like fossil fuel, coal and their demand in electricity is decreasing day by day due to their depletion and polluting nature. Partial shading of PV cells due to nonuniform irradiance significantly decreases the power delivered by the solar panel, because PV module cells are connected in series. In such a case the unshaded cells force a large current through the shaded ones, in the long term these hot spots reduce the life span of the module. In photovoltaic array systems
partial shading or nonuniform irradiance is reduced using maximum power point tracking technique (MPPT). Dynamic and static PV array reconfiguration techniques are used for reduction in partial shading effect for large PV plants. The efficiency of solar panel is significantly affected when the panel is installed nearer to large buildings or hills, at the time of sunrise or sunset or cloud effect due to nonuniform irradiance projected over the panel. Partial shading effect is min
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