Optimization of the preparation of fungal-algal pellets for use in the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Optimization of the preparation of fungal-algal pellets for use in the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water Zhixiang Gao 1 & Changjin Jiang 1 & Rongtao Lyu 1 & Zhaoguang Yang 1,2 & Ting Zhang 1,2 Received: 19 March 2020 / Accepted: 15 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study was conducted to optimize the preparation of fungal-algal pellets for use in the removal of arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) from water. Three parameters, i.e., glucose concentration, shaking speed, and pH, were investigated to show their effects on the immobilization efficiency of algal biomass attached to fungal mycelial pellets. The highest immobilization efficiency was achieved at 5 g glucose L−1, 140 rpm, and pH 7. Furthermore, the fungal-algal pellets with different initial algal biomass were tested regarding the stability and their capability of removing As(III) and As(V). The fungal-algal pellets could not keep good stability when the initial algal biomass was more than 4.8 × 107 cells mL−1. The highest removal rates of As(III) and As(V) were obtained by the fungal-algal pellets with initial algal biomass of 4.8 × 107 cells mL−1, and the removal rate of As(V) was much higher compared with that of As(III). Similar trends were observed for the concentrations of total arsenic as well as As(III) and As(V) in fungal-algal pellets. The fungal-algal pellets with initial algal biomass of 4.8 × 107 cells mL−1 showed a significant potential for removing As(V) from water, and microalgae might play a key role in the absorption and transformation of inorganic arsenic. Adsorption kinetics studies suggested that the adsorption of As(V) onto fungal-algal pellets followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the pseudo-first-order kinetic model was more appropriate for describing the adsorption of As(III). Keywords Arsenate . Arsenite . Aspergillus oryzae . Chlorella vulgaris . Fungal-algal pellets
Introduction Arsenic contamination in drinking water has been a worldwide public health concern. Arsenic, a poisonous metalloid, is widely distributed in nature. Natural processes, as well as anthropogenic activities, are responsible for the release of arsenic into the water environment, such as mining and smelting activities; manufacturing of semiconductors, glass, paints, and dyes; and use of insecticides, herbicides, and wood preservatives (Bundschuh et al. 2011; Singh et al. 2015). Arsenic occurs in both organic and inorganic forms, and numerous chemical species have been characterized in the environment (Zhao et al. 2010). In natural Responsible Editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr * Ting Zhang [email protected] 1
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
2
Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
waters, arsenic exists mainly as inorganic species: arsenite (As(III
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