Own Group Oppression, Other Group Oppression, and Perspective Taking
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Own Group Oppression, Other Group Oppression, and Perspective Taking Eunju Yoon & Jennifer Moulton & Gihane Jeremie-Brink & Meghan Hansen
Published online: 13 November 2012 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012
Abstract This survey research examined the relationship of awareness of own versus awareness of other group oppression across sexism, racism, and homonegativity, by including perspective taking (PT) as a moderator. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that awareness of sexism (own group oppression) predicted awareness of racism (other group oppression) in a sample of 116 European American females (Study 1), whereas awareness of racism (own group oppression) did not predict awareness of homonegativity (other group oppression) in a sample of 113 U.S. racial minorities (Study 2). High PT, compared to low PT, did not predict a stronger relationship between awareness of own and awareness of other group oppression. Post-hoc speculation on the role of PT in intergroup relations and implications for research and counseling are discussed. Keywords Oppression . Intergroup relation . Perspective taking
Introduction Collective identity encompasses multiple dimensions such as race/ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, class, and so on. Most people are likely to experience both oppression and privilege depending on their membership to different groups. For example, a European American female is privileged in terms of racial status but may experience oppression within a sexist society. A well-educated, heterosexual minority male may have privilege in terms of class, sexual orientation, and gender but is likely to experience oppression regarding his racial status. Although the history, nature, and consequences of oppression may differ across groups, there may be shared experiences and a mutual understanding among the oppressed E. Yoon (*) : J. Moulton : G. Jeremie-Brink : M. Hansen Counseling Psychology Program, Loyola University Chicago, 820 N. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA e-mail: [email protected] Present Address: M. Hansen Clinical Psychology Program, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
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Int J Adv Counselling (2013) 35:203–215
groups. Nevertheless, research in counseling and psychology has typically focused on only one dimension of oppression at a time, such as sexism or racism (Croteau et al. 2002). This unilateral, simplified approach greatly diminishes our understanding of the complexity of oppression and privilege. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the intersection of various collective identities and oppressions (see Meyer 2010; Moradi and Subich 2003; Syzmanski and Sung 2010). Nevertheless, it remains mostly unexamined whether one’s awareness of own group oppression predicts awareness of other group oppression in the area in which one may be privileged. To facilitate cooperation among diverse groups, intergroup relations warrant a better understanding. This understanding may start with the awareness of own group oppression and awareness of how ot
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