Pain Treatment by Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
Abundant evidence indicates that TENS can be used effectively to alleviate certain pain syndromes. For patients suffering from chronic musculo-skeletal pain in particular, TENS offers an alternative means of pain management. This book addresses the need a
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Pain Treatment by Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve A Practical Manual Stimulation
TENS With 79 Figures
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo
Prof. DAVID
OrroSON
Associate Prof.
THOMAS LUNDEBERG
Department of Physiology II Karolinska Institutet S-10401 Stockholm
ISBN-13: 978-3-540-19206-0
e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-73624-7
001: 10.1007/978-3-642-73624-7 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Ottoson, David, 1918- TENS: transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation/D. Ottoson, T. Lundeberg. p. em. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. I. Lundeberg, T. (Thomas), 1953- . II. Title. RM880.0881988 616'.0472-dc19 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is ouly permitted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its version of June 24, 1985, and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations fall under the prosecution act of the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1988 © illustrations: David Ottoson and Thomas Lundeberg
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1988
The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations IItld therefore free for general use. Product Liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. Reproduction of figures: Gustav Dreher GmbH, Stuttgart Typesetting, printing, and bookbinding: Petersche Druckerei GmbH & Co. Offset KG, Rothenburg ob der Tauber 2125/3130-543210 - Printed on acid-free paper
Preface
The relief of pain is one of the most important problems in medicine. For centuries various forms of analgesic drugs were the only means by which pain could be combatted. Recent decades have witnessed a dramatic progress in pain research which has provided new insights into the neurophysiological basis of pain. The discoveries ~f the physiological mechanisms of pain control have led to new conceptual aspects of the perception of pain. Even more important is that these discoveries have paved the way for the development of new techniques and methods for the alleviation of pain. One of these methods is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). This method emerged from the concept of the gate control theory which was proposed by Melzack and Wall in 1965 and introduced into clinical practice in 1970. In the years which have passed since then, TENS has become widely used, and there is at present abundant evidence that it p
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