Partially fluorinated, multication cross-linked poly(arylene piperidinium) membranes with improved conductivity and redu
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Partially fluorinated, multication cross-linked poly(arylene piperidinium) membranes with improved conductivity and reduced swelling for fuel cell application Yabin Jia 1,2 & Lingling Ma 1,2 & Qingyu Yu 3 & Naeem Akhtar Qaisrani 1,2 & Lv Li 1,2 & Ruiting Zhou 1,2 & Gaohong He 1,2 & Fengxiang Zhang 1,2 Received: 7 April 2020 / Revised: 23 June 2020 / Accepted: 27 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract As an important component in alkaline membrane fuel cells, anion exchange membrane (AEM) often suffers from the tradeoff between ionic conductivity and chemical/dimensional stability. We herein report a partially fluorinated poly(arylene piperidinium) AEM with multication cross-links, which was synthesized by copolymerizing 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone, N-methyl4-piperidone, biphenyl, and subsequent cross-linking with N1, N6-bis(6-bromohexyl)-N1, N1, N6, N6-tetramethylhexane-1,6diammonium bromide. The resultant AEM exhibited an excellent OH− conductivity of 148.7 mS cm−1 at 80 °C (IEC = 2.9 mmol g−1) due to the multication structure, which may promote microphase separation to produce wide ion-conducting channels. Compared with those without partial fluorination, the fluorinated AEM showed lower swelling ratio (33% vs. 58% at 80 °C). The ionic conductivity of the AEM remained by 85% after it was treated 1700 h in 1 M NaOH at 80 °C. In addition, the H2/O2 fuel cell assembled with the AEM yielded a peak power density of 208 mW cm−2 at 60 °C. Our work successfully demonstrates the synergistic effect of partially fluorinated backbone and multication cross-linked structure to inhibit membrane swelling while keeping high conductivity; it is beneficial for better balancing AEM conductivity and robustness. Keywords Fluorinated, non-ether backbone . Multication cross-link . Anion exchange membrane . Swelling resistance . Conductivity
Introduction Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is one of the most widely studied clean energy technologies [1–4]. However, the commercialization of PEMFC is restricted by the high cost of platinum catalysts. In this context, the anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC) have attracted wide attention due to the applicability of inexpensive catalyst [5–8],
* Fengxiang Zhang [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
2
School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
3
Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
but the hydroxide conductivity of AEM is lower than that of proton exchange membrane [4, 9], and meanwhile, poor alkali stability of the membrane is also an important challenge [10]. Conductivity can be improved with high ion exchange capacity (IEC); however, high IEC may result in excessive water uptake (WU) and swelling ratio (SR), which will reduce the mechanical strength of AEMs [11]. In view of this
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