Pelvic Lymph Nodes
Pelvic Lymph Nodes
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* This chapter has been written with the contributions of Antonietta Augurio, Nicola Filippo Basilico, Antonella Filippone, and Pietro Sanpaolo
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A Guide for D elineation of Lymph Nodal Clinical Target Volume in R adiation Therapy
A Guide for D elineation of Lymph Nodal Clinical Target Volume in R adiation Therapy
SCOUT VIEW OF pelvic region
Lymph nodes
Anatomical boundaries
SCOUT VIEW OF pelvic region
Lymph nodes
Cranial
Caudal
Medial
Lateral
Anterior
Posterior
Bifurcation of abdominal aorta (at the inferior border of L4)
Bifurcation of the common iliac vessels (at the inferior border of L5, at the level of the superior border of the ala of sacrum)
Loose cellular tissue
Psoas muscle
Loose cellular tissue anterior to the common iliac vessels
Body of L5
Common iliac nodes
Internal iliac nodes Bifurcation of common iliac vessels (at the inferior border of L5)
Plane through superior border of the head of femurs at the level of the superior border of the coccyx
Loose cellular tissue
Piriformis muscle
Posterior border of the external iliac lymph nodes and loose cellular tissue
Loose cellular tissue
External iliac nodes
Bifurcation of common iliac vessels (at the inferior border of L5)
Femoral artery
Loose cellular tissue
Iliopsoas muscle
Loose cellular tissue
Obturator nodes
Plane through the acetabulum
Superior border of the neck of femurs, at the small ischiadic foramen
Loose cellular tissue
Internal obturator muscle (intrapelvic portion)
Presacral nodes
Intervertebral space of L5–S1 (sacral promontory)
Superior border of the 1st coccygeal vertebra
–
Inguinal nodes
Superior limit of the neck of femurs
Bifurcation of the femoral artery into its superficial and deep branches
Adductor muscles
Common iliac nodes
Anatomical boundaries Cranial
Caudal
Medial
Lateral
Anterior
Posterior
Bifurcation of abdominal aorta (at the inferior border of L4)
Bifurcation of the common iliac vessels (at the inferior border of L5, at the level of the superior border of the ala of sacrum)
Loose cellular tissue
Psoas muscle
Loose cellular tissue anterior to the common iliac vessels
Body of L5
Internal iliac nodes Bifurcation of common iliac vessels (at the inferior border of L5)
Plane through superior border of the head of femurs at the level of the superior border of the coccyx
Loose cellular tissue
Piriformis muscle
Posterior border of the external iliac lymph nodes and loose cellular tissue
Loose cellular tissue
Anterior border of the internal iliac lymph nodes and loose cellular tissue
External iliac nodes
Bifurcation of common iliac vessels (at the inferior border of L5)
Femoral artery
Loose cellular tissue
Iliopsoas muscle
Loose cellular tissue
Anterior border of the internal iliac lymph nodes and loose cellular tissue
Loose cellular tissue
Loose cellular tissue
Obturator nodes
Plane through the acetabulum
Superior border of the neck of femurs, at the small ischiadic foramen
Loose cellular tissue
Internal obturator muscle (intrapelvic portion)
Loose cellu
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