Perception and Production of Mandarin Tones by Native Speakers and L2 Learners
Tones are the most challenging aspect of learning Chinese as a second language, and L2 learners’ perceptual categories differ in important and fascinating ways from those of native speakers. This book explores the relationship between tone perception and
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Perception and Production of Mandarin Tones by Native Speakers and L2 Learners
Perception and Production of Mandarin Tones by Native Speakers and L2 Learners
Bei Yang
Perception and Production of Mandarin Tones by Native Speakers and L2 Learners
13
Bei Yang East Asian Languages and Literature University of Wisconsin—Madison Madison, WI USA
ISBN 978-3-662-44644-7
ISBN 978-3-662-44645-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-44645-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2014953935 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer-Verlag GmbH Berlin Heidelberg is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
To my parents: Junming and Shiyu
Contents
1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Mandarin Tone Categories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1.1 Mandarin Syllable Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1.2 Tone Categories in Mandarin Chinese. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2 Features of Tones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.2.1 Some Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.2.2 Physiological Features of Tones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.2.3 Acoustic Features of Tones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.2.4 Psychological Features of Tones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.3 Tone Sandhi and Tone Variations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.3.1 What is Tone Sandhi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.3.2 Tone Sandhi in Mandarin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.3.3 Variations of Tones in Mandarin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.3.4 Coarticulation: Tone Sa
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