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A Philosophical Examination of Social Justice and Child Poverty Gottfried Schweiger Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Austria

and

Gunter Graf Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Austria International Research Centre for Social and Ethical Questions, Salzburg, Austria

Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

© Gottfried Schweiger and Gunter Graf 2015

Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Open access: Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Published with the support of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): PUB 296-Z22 First published 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndsmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries

ISBN 978-1-349-49067-7 ISBN 978-1-137-42602-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-137-42602-4 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schweiger, Gottfried. A philosophical examination of social justice and child poverty / Gottfried Schweiger and Gunter Graf. pages cm Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978–1–137–42601–7 1. Child welfare. 2. Poor children – Social conditions. 3. Poverty. 4. Social justice. I. Graf, Gunter, 1983– II. Title. HV713.S373 2015 362.70869942—dc23

2015002672

Contents List of Tables

vi

Acknowledgments

vii

Introduction: Philosophy and Child Poverty

1

1

Social Justice for Children – A Capability Approach 1.1 The currency of justice 1.2 Selecting functionings and capabilities for children 1.3 Sufficiency and equality 1.4 Conclusions

15 16 37 51 64

2

The Injustice of Child Poverty 2.1 Concepts and measures of child poverty 2.2 The Ill-Being and Ill-Becoming of child poverty: physical and mental health 2.3 The Ill-Being and Ill-Becoming of child poverty: social inclusion and education 2.4 The subjective experience of child poverty 2.5 Conclusions

67 70

93 104 115

3

Responsibilities for Children in Poverty 3.1 Attributing responsibilities to agents of justice 3.2 Important agents of justice and their responsibilities 3.3 The family and the state 3.4 Conclusions

118 122 139 148 160

4

Advancing Our Approach to Global Justice for Children 4.1 Conclusions

162 17