Phase separation and transformation of binary immiscible systems in molten core-derived optical fibers
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Research Letter
Phase separation and transformation of binary immiscible systems in molten core-derived optical fibers Matthew Tuggle, Thomas W. Hawkins, and Courtney Kucera, Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET), Clemson University, 91 Technology Drive, Anderson, SC, 29625, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, 295 Sirrine Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA Nathaniel Huygen, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, 295 Sirrine Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; National Brick Research Center, Clemson University, 91 Technology Drive, Anderson, SC, 29625, USA Artis Brasovs and Konstantin Kornev, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, 295 Sirrine Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA John Ballato, Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET), Clemson University, 91 Technology Drive, Anderson, SC, 29625, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, 295 Sirrine Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA Address all correspondence to John Ballato at [email protected] (Received 21 February 2020; accepted 16 March 2020)
Abstract This work studies phase-separated fibers in the CaO–SiO2 and NiO–SiO2 systems. The nature of the phase-separated microstructures and underlying phase equilibria are discussed, including dimensionality, composition, and phase formation as well as the realization of ferrimagnetic behavior in the NiO–SiO2 fibers based on the formation of metallic Ni inclusions. In addition to understanding the composition/processing relationships in these systems, the work represents a step forward toward novel magneto-optic fibers. It is important to understand the underlying materials science in order to advance the properties of novel optical fibers possessing engineered heterogeneities in the core.
Introduction The field of optical fibers is enjoying a global renaissance, particularly as relates to the materials from which they are made. Over just the past decade, entire new families of optical fibers have been realized ranging from semiconductor-[1] and crystalline-core fibers[2] to multimaterial fibers,[3] to some even derived from cellulose.[4] The concept of a modern optical fiber being only silica-based no longer applies and novel applications abound as a result. Further, microstructures (and by extension, nanostructures[5]) within the fiber core have recently become of interest. From their early development[6] to the recently demonstrated novel waveguiding utilizing, for example, transverse Anderson localization,[7] fibers possessing engineered microstructures have demonstrated unique properties such as effectively endless single-mode waveguiding,[8] improved image transport,[9] distributed temperature-,[10] shape-,[11] and Rayleigh scattering sensing,[12] to name a few. A significant body of literature now exists and is growing globally, focused on understanding the materials science of these novel optical fibers.[13] While it always has been true, there is greate
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