Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Acrylated Palm Olein as a Promising Biopolymer
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Acrylated Palm Olein as a Promising Biopolymer Rida Tajau1,2 · Rosiah Rohani1 · Mek Zah Salleh2
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The utilisation of palm oil-based polymers as biomaterials has received considerable interest to support further expansion in the biomedical field as they pose the potential capability of competing with synthetic polymers per their physicochemical, thermal, and crystallinity properties. In this study, the synthesis of a new green biopolymer, namely acrylated palm olein (APO) from a palm oil-based precursor, was developed. The APO was synthesised via the ring-opening process of the epoxidised palm olein (EPOo) with acrylic acid and triethylamine. The acrylation process produced an APO of a high yield (86.64%) with a molecular weight of 1750 Da. The ester group representing the APO was confirmed through the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), which revealed the promising biodegradable point of the APO molecular structure. Meanwhile, thermal and crystallisation profiles of the APO showed a single-stage decomposition pattern and its triglycerides (TAGs) crystal formation and melting behaviour. As a result, the desired APO polymer was obtained, which possessed potential biodegradable chemical functional group, amorphous, and low molecular weight properties. Keywords Palm olein · Biodegradable · Biomaterials · Biopolymers · Ring-opening polymerisation
Introduction The development of renewable polymer materials based on palm oil has been revolutionised in recent years due to the abundant source of palm oil, as well as various environmental and sustainability concerns. Palm oil is commonly used as a raw material in both non-food and food-related products. For instance, it is used in the production of polyols for biopolymers and acrylated epoxidised triglyceride (EPOLA) for radiation curing resins [1–5]. These radiation * Rosiah Rohani [email protected] Rida Tajau [email protected] Mek Zah Salleh [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Division of Radiation Processing Technology, Malaysia Nuclear Agency, 43000 Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
2
curing resins are usually utilised for surface coating, ink and adhesive printing, and in the development of polyurethane products [1, 2, 4, 6–10]. EPOLA is specifically designed for resin-making, while acrylated palm olein (APO) is designed for producing biopolymers. Although there are similarities between EPOLA and APO, one particular difference is APO is synthesised from acrylic-ester based palm olein, such as epoxidised polyol (EPOo) where it had previously been synthesised in the authors’ laboratory facilities [11]. It is also produced under different conditions, namely type and c
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