Physicochemical properties of hydrophobic hexafluoroantimonate ionic liquids and applications of the mole surface Gibbs
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Physicochemical properties of hydrophobic hexafluoroantimonate ionic liquids and applications of the mole surface Gibbs free energy Qiang Yan 1 & Jie Wei 1 & Jin Liu 1 & Zhiheng Zhang 1 & Dawei Fang 1 Received: 9 May 2020 / Revised: 15 June 2020 / Accepted: 24 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Series of hydrophobic hexafluoroantimonate [Cneim][SbF6] (n = 4, 5, 6) were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and ESI-MS. It is obvious that the reactive hydrogen is replaced with ethyl group on N-3 position of imidazole cation, and it could have an effect on the corresponding physicochemical properties. The density, surface tension, refractive index, and conductivity of the hydrophobic ILs [Cneim][SbF6] (n = 4, 5, 6) were measured in the temperature range of (293.15 to 343.15) ± 0.05 K with an interval of 5 K. The volume properties and surface properties were calculated. According to Kabo’s method, the vaporization enthalpy was also calculated, and the polarities were predicted. The applications of the mole surface Gibbs free energy were investigated. In addition, the relationship between the conductivity and temperature was also explored, and the molar conductivity and diffusion coefficient for ILs were obtained. Keywords Hydrophobic . Hexafluoroantimonate ionic liquids . Molar surface Gibbs energy . Polarity
Introduction Ionic liquids (ILs) are environmentally friendly green solvents due to its unique physical and chemical properties such as the low saturated vapor pressure, the wide liquid temperature range, and the functional design ability [1–3]. ILs have been widely used in the fields of chemical or biochemical catalysis [4, 5], extraction [6], electrochemistry [7–9], inorganic material synthesis [10, 11], colloid, and interface chemistry [12, 13]. As a kind of hydrophobic material, hydrophobic ionic liquid has attracted more and more attention. In particular, hydrophobic ILs were applied to the field of colloidal interface as surfactants and polar images [14–18]. Due its better hydrophobicity and more regular arrangement by fluorineElectronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-020-03673-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Zhiheng Zhang [email protected] * Dawei Fang [email protected] 1
Institute of Rare and Scattered Elements, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People’s Republic of China
containing elements [19], hexafluoroantimonate ILs have attracted many researchers’ interest. However, the application of hexafluoroantimonate ionic liquid is limited due to the lack of support for the physicochemical properties. In order to obtain the physicochemical properties of hexafluoroantimonate ILs, and as a continuation of our previous study [20–24], a new series of [Cneim][SbF6] (n = 4, 5, 6) were prepared, and these kinds have special structure, which the active hydrogen is replaced with ethyl group on N-3 position of imidazolium cati
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