Physiological and subjective validation of a novel stress procedure: The Simple Singing Stress Procedure
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Physiological and subjective validation of a novel stress procedure: The Simple Singing Stress Procedure Jenny T. Le 1 & Poppy Watson 1 & Denovan Begg 1 & Lucy Albertella 2 & Mike E. Le Pelley 1 Accepted: 19 October 2020 # The Psychonomic Society, Inc. 2020
Abstract Laboratory stress-induction procedures have been critical in illuminating the effects of stress on human health, cognition, and functioning. Here, we present a novel stress induction procedure, the Simple Singing Stress Procedure (SSSP), that overcomes some of the practical challenges and conceptual limitations of existing procedures in measuring the causal influence of stress on psychological variables. In the stress condition of the SSSP, participants were instructed to sing a song in front of the experimenter while being video- and audio-recorded. Participants were also informed that they would have to sing again at the end of the experiment, and that this second performance would later be assessed by a panel of experimenters. Participants in a no-stress condition instead read lyrics in each phase. Our findings revealed that participants in the stress condition showed significantly higher blood pressure immediately following the initial singing session, as well as heightened salivary cortisol at a latency consistent with the initial singing session, than those in the no-stress condition. Our stress procedure also generated elevations in self-reported stress ratings immediately after the first singing session and subsequently in anticipation of the second singing session, relative to the no-stress condition. Collectively, these findings suggest that the SSSP is a simple and effective stress induction procedure that may be a promising alternative to existing protocols. Keywords Stress induction . Cortisol . Singing . Trier social stress test . Cold pressor
Stress is a pervasive phenomenon that confronts us in almost every domain of life. We all experience varying amounts of stress day-to-day and moment-to-moment, and these variations can influence the foundations of our biopsychological functioning, such as memory (Cornelisse, van Stegeren, & Joëls, 2011; Kuhlmann, Piel, & Wolf, 2005; Lupien et al. 2005; Payne et al. 2006; Wolf, 2009), attention (Esterman et al. 2013; Sänger et al. 2014), and decision making (Mather & Lighthall, 2012; Starcke & Brand, 2012). Identified as one of the most significant health problems of the 21st century (Kalia, 2002), prolonged or extreme stress has been shown to exert deleterious effects on cognitive development (Kim et al. 2013; King & Laplante, 2005; Noble et al., 2015), mental health (Bryant, 2011; Caspi et al. 2003; Estryn-Behar et al. 1990), and resistance to drug relapse (Mantsch, Baker, Funk, Le, & Shaham, 2016). * Jenny T. Le [email protected] 1
School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
2
Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
Given its influence across a wide range of aspects of psychological functi
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