Pipeline design with flow assurance constraints in offshore production lines
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Pipeline design with flow assurance constraints in offshore production lines Thamires A. L. Guedes1 · Argimiro R. Secchi1 · Príamo A. Melo1 · Rodrigo G. D. Teixeira1 Received: 18 September 2019 / Revised: 7 January 2020 / Accepted: 23 January 2020 © Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Química 2020
Abstract Multiphase flow in petroleum pipelines became more challenging due to the emergence of deeper wells at extreme environmental conditions. Flow assurance strategies ensure the production of hydrocarbons uninterruptedly. In this work we propose a simple and straightforward framework for design strategies for flow assurance constraints, implementing the most widely used models and correlations available. One-dimensional steady-state conservation equations were used for the modeling through a system of differential-algebraic equations, extending the previous work of Teixeira et al. (Rev IFP Energies Nouvelles 70(3):497–510, 2015) to incorporate flow assurance principles. Design strategies used for flowline internal diameter and insulation layer sizing were aggregated to the process modeling. The proposed modeling approach provided results with great agreement with the standard software used in oil industry (OLGA®) at industrial full-scale flow conditions, therefore providing a simple, robust and accurate tool for flow assurance calculations. Also comparing to O LGA®, the proposed framework presented a much shorter simulation time when more refined pipeline discretization is required. The strategy adopted here proved to be efficient in making initial estimates of production field design, in a faster way. Keywords Flow assurance · Multiphase flow · Offshore oil production · Differential-algebraic equations · hydrate formation Notation A Area (m2) CF Erosion velocity constant DAE Differential-algebraic equation dp Internal pipeline diameter (m) Dp External pipeline diameter (m) Di External pipeline plus insulation diameter (m) g Gravity acceleration (m/s2) Ĥ Specific enthalpy (J/kg) H̄ Molar enthalpy (J/kmol) HL Liquid holdup h∞ Environment convection coefficient (J/m2/s/K) k Thermal conductivity (J/m/s/K) M Molar mass (kg/kmol) NFr Froude number NGv Gas velocity number NLv Liquid velocity number ODE Ordinary differential equation * Argimiro R. Secchi [email protected] 1
Chemical Engineering Program, COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68502, Rio de Janeiro 21941‑972, Brazil
P Pressure (Pa) Q′′ Heat flux (J/m2/s) q Volumetric flowrate (m3/s) Re Reynolds number rp Internal pipeline radius (m) Rp External pipeline radius (m) Ri External pipeline plus insulation radius (m) S Perimeter (m) t Thickness (m) T Temperature (K) Uht Overall heat transfer coefficient (J/m2/s/K) v Velocity (m/s) vSG Gas superficial velocity (m/s) vSL Liquid superficial velocity (m/s) W Mass flowrate (kg/s) WAT Wax appearance temperature (K) WHFP Wellhead flowing pressure (Pa) WHFT Wellhead flowing temperature (K) Greek letters 𝛼 Gas mass fraction 𝛽 Gas mole fra
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