Plant disease detection using computational intelligence and image processing
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REVIEW
Plant disease detection using computational intelligence and image processing Vibhor Kumar Vishnoi1 · Krishan Kumar1 · Brajesh Kumar2 Received: 4 May 2020 / Accepted: 18 August 2020 © Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft 2020
Abstract Agriculture is the most primary and indispensable source to furnish national income of numerous countries including India. Diseases in plants/crops are the serious causes in degrading the production quantity and quality, which results in economy losses. Thus, identification of the diseases in plants is very important. Plant disease symptoms are evident in various parts of plants. However, plant leaves are most commonly used to detect the infection. Computer vision and soft computing techniques are utilized by several researchers to automate the detection of plant diseases using leaf images. Various aspects of such studies with their merits and demerits are summarized in this work. Common infections along with the research landscape at different stages of such detection systems are discussed. The modern feature extraction techniques are analyzed for identifying those that appear to work well covering several crop categories. The study would help the researchers to understand the applicability of computer vision in plant disease detection/classification. Keywords Phytopathology · Image processing · Plant disease · Detection and identification · Computer vision · Machine learning
Introduction The state of agriculture in a country depends on the products’ (especially crops/plants) quality and quantity. In India, 58% of total population primarily depends on agriculture for their livelihood (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare 2018). Factors such as weeds, pests, and diseases (disorders or dysfunctions) are responsible for crop production loss; specially, in India these factors are responsible for 15–25% loss of total crop production (Deshpande 2017). Nowadays, the demand for efficient farming processes in agriculture and food industries is increasing rapidly. Also, plants serve in balancing the environment by producing oxygen for living * Vibhor Kumar Vishnoi [email protected] Krishan Kumar [email protected] Brajesh Kumar [email protected] 1
Department of Computer Science, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404, India
Department of Computer Science & IT, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243006, India
2
organisms. Plant leaves initiate the process of photosynthesis through which plants get their food. Diseases/disorders affect the leaves of plants so that they fail to provide adequate food for the plant, leading to bad health or death of the plant. Therefore, early detection, prevention, and management of plant diseases are very important. However, detection/identification of various diseases of plants in the large crop fields is a very complex task, which involves optical observation of leaves and expert manpower (Mokhtar et al. 2015; Verma et al. 2018; Poojary and Shabari 2018). It is a very difficult
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