Plasma Amyloid Beta Concentrations in Aged and Cognitively Impaired Pet Dogs
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Plasma Amyloid Beta Concentrations in Aged and Cognitively Impaired Pet Dogs Wojciech K. Panek 1 & David M. Murdoch 2 & Margaret E. Gruen 1 & Freya M. Mowat 1,3 & Robert D. Marek 2 & Natasha J. Olby 1 Received: 14 July 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Longevity-associated neurological disorders have been observed across human and canine aging populations. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) represent comparable diseases affecting both species as they age. Translational diagnostic and therapeutic research is needed for these incurable diseases. The amyloid β (Aβ) peptide family are AD-associated peptides with identical amino acid sequences between dogs and humans. Plasma Aβ42 concentration increases with age and decreases with AD in humans, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration decreases in AD and correlates inversely with the amyloid load within the brain. Similarly, CSF Aβ42 concentrations decrease in dogs with CDS but there is limited and conflicting information on plasma Aβ42 concentrations in aging dogs and dogs with CDS. We measured plasma concentrations of Aβ42 and Aβ40 with an ultrasensitive single-molecule array assay (SIMOA) in a population of healthy aging dogs of different life stages (n = 36) and dogs affected with CDS (n = 11). In addition, the ratio of Aβ42/β40 was calculated. The mean plasma concentrations of Aβ42 and Aβ40 increased significantly with age (r2 = 0.27, p = 0.001; and r2 = 0.42, p < 0.001, respectively) and with life stage: puppy/junior group (0.43–2 years): 1.23 ± 0.95 and 38.26 ± 49.43 pg/mL; adult/mature group (2.1–9 years): 10.99 ± 5.45 and 131.05 ± 80.17 pg/mL; geriatric/senior group (9.3–14.5 years): 18.65 ± 16.65 and 192.88 ± 146.38 pg/mL, respectively. Concentrations of Aβ42 and Aβ40 in dogs with CDS (11.0–15.6 years) were significantly lower than age-matched healthy dogs at 11.61 ± 6.39 and 150.23 ± 98.2 pg/mL (p = 0.0048 and p = 0.001), respectively. Our findings suggest the dynamics of canine plasma amyloid concentrations are analogous to that found in aging humans with and without AD. Keywords Canine . Cognitive dysfunction . Alzheimer’s disease . CDS . Amyloid beta 42 . Amyloid beta 40
Introduction
We declare that the content of our research article is original, has not been published or accepted for publication, and is not currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-020-02140-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Natasha J. Olby [email protected] 1
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
2
Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
3
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Alzheimer’s disease (
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