Polarimetric Kronecker Separability of Site-Specific Double-Directional Channel in an Urban Macrocellular Environment
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Research Article Polarimetric Kronecker Separability of Site-Specific Double-Directional Channel in an Urban Macrocellular Environment Kriangsak Sivasondhivat,1 Jun-Ichi Takada,2 Ichirou Ida,3 and Yasuyuki Oishi3 1 Agilent
Technologies Japan, Ltd., Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 651-2241, Japan of International Development Engineering (IDE), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan 3 Fujitsu, Ltd., Fujitsu Laboratory, Yokosuka-shi, 239-0847, Japan 2 Department
Correspondence should be addressed to Kriangsak Sivasondhivat, [email protected] Received 2 August 2008; Revised 22 November 2008; Accepted 7 January 2009 Recommended by Persefoni Kyritsi This paper focuses on the modeling of a double-directional power spectrum density (PSD) between the base station (BS) and mobile station (MS) based on the site-specific measurements in an urban macrocell in Tokyo. First, the authors investigate the Kronecker separability of the joint polarimetric angular PSD between the BS and MS by using the ergodic mutual information. The general form of the sum of channel polarization pair-wise Kronecker product approximation is proposed to be used to model the joint polarimetric angular PSD between the BS and MS. Finally, the double-directional PSD channel model is proposed and verified by comparing the cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of the measured and modeled ergodic mutual information. Copyright © 2009 Kriangsak Sivasondhivat et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
1. Introduction It has been shown that the use of multiple antennas at a base station (BS) and a mobile station (MS), called as multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system, can promisingly increase the data rate [1]. However, low correlation between antennas is required in MIMO systems, in order to ensure the data rate improvement [2]. This implies the need of large antenna spacing, resulting in the size increase of the system. As a candidate scheme to achieve the low correlation in compact MIMO systems, the application of multiple polarizations to MIMO systems has been increasingly investigated [3–6]. To evaluate and compare MIMO systems with multiple polarizations, a channel model having the polarimetric information in addition to azimuth and elevation angles at the BS and MS is obviously needed [7, 8]. Recently, for outdoor environments, standard channel models having such information for polarimetric MIMO systems have been defined in the spatial channel model (SCM), which was
presented in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard body [9], and in the European co-operation in the field of scientific and technical research (COST) actions 273 [10]. The further analytical extension of the SCM to the 3D case has been recently done by Shafi et al., in [11]. Since the degree of depolarization of a propagation chann
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